Pkhen Lesson IV: view article

Menu 1. Categories 2. Global Derivation 3. Verb 4. Noun Derivation 5. Adjective Derivation 6. Other PoS Generally, in Pkhén, there are a few regular ways to derive a word. Although these are not always used, it gives a rough guide to interpreting words that you do not know.

An example of derivation is with the Pkhén verb siidhto be:

word	Meaning
síídh	rest
siídhý	go
sheeadh	cling
záidh	life
síídhýá	arrive
síídhýá'	arrive
neshi'iedh	pain
sie	equal
nézáidh	death
presiídhý	come back
Note that these will not all follow the rules in this Article

Note thet the dreivation process name is for reference here.

[edit] [top]Categories

Before going over derivation rules, it is important to look at the categories which will affect the derivatory process.

Category Name	Category Contents
A	a,æ,e,ɛ,i,i̠,o,o̠,u,y,ɔ
B	á,ǽ,é,ɛ́,í,í̠,ó,ó̠,ú,ý,ɔ́
D	a,e,i,o,u,aa,ee,ii,oo,uu
E	æ,ɛ,i̠,o̠,y,ææ,ɛɛ,i̠i̠,o̠o̠,yy
Q	dh,gh,br,gr,sh,th,kh,zh
W	d,g,b,g,s,t,k,z
Z	aá,æǽ,eé,ɛɛ́,ií,i̠í̠,oó,o̠ó̠,uú,yý,ɔɔ́

[edit] [top]Global Derivation

There are four derivation rules that are useable by any part of speech

Derivation I
This method of derivation follows the following rules:

B/Z Q/W A/B@1^1

Here is a table showing how it affects the word ri̠i̠rýto take:

Rule	Output
	ri̠i̠rý
B/Z	ri̠i̠ryý
Q/W	ri̠i̠ryý
A/B@1^1	rí̠i̠ryý

Derivation II This method of derivation follows the following rules:

D/Z@1^2 #/#gr

This is used quite rarely Here is a table showing how it affects the word ri̠i̠rýto take:

Rule	Output
--	ri̠i̠rý
D/Z@1^2	ri̠i̠rý
#/#gr	ri̠i̠rýgr

Inwards Action This method of derivation follows the following rules:

A/B@-1 Q/W@-1 #/#a'

Here is a table showing how it affects the word ri̠i̠rýto take:

Rule	Output
--	ri̠i̠rý
A/B@-1	ri̠í̠rý
Q/W@-1	ri̠í̠rý
#/#a'	ri̠í̠rýa'

Outwards Action This method of derivation follows the following rules:

A/B@-1 Q/W@-1 #/#ý

Here is a table showing how it affects the word ri̠i̠rýto take:

Rule	Output
--	ri̠i̠rý
A/B@-1	ri̠í̠rý
Q/W@-1	ri̠í̠rý
#/#ý	ri̠í̠rýý

[edit] [top]Verb

Excluding methods of derivation in the previous section, there are two extra ways to derive verbs. Retroflex Action This method of derivation follows the following rules:

A/B@-2^2 E/Z@1^2

Here is a table showing how it affects the word ri̠i̠rýto take:

Rule	Output
--	ri̠i̠rý
A/B@-2^2	rí̠i̠rý
E/Z@1^2	rí̠eérý

V>N This method of derivation follows the following rules:

D/E@-1

Here is a table showing how it affects the word ri̠i̠rýto take:

Rule	Output
--	ri̠i̠rý
D/E@-1	ri̠i̠rý

[edit] [top]Noun Derivation

Excluding methods of derivation in the previous section, there are two extra ways to derive nouns.

N>ADJ
This method of derivation follows the following rules:

D/E@-1 #/zhɛɛ#

Here is a table showing how it affects the word ri̠i̠rýto take:

Rule	Output
--	ri̠i̠rý
D/E@-1	ri̠i̠rý
#/zhɛɛ#	zhɛɛri̠i̠rý

N>V This method of derivation follows the following rules:

E/D@-1 #/#é

Here is a table showing how it affects the word ri̠i̠rýto take:

Rule	Output
--	ri̠i̠rý
E/D@-1	ri̠irý
#/#é	ri̠irýé

[edit] [top]Adjective Derivation

Excluding methods of derivation in the previous section, there is one extra ways to derive adjectives. ADJ>V This method of derivation follows the following rules:

Q/W@-1 A/B

Here is a table showing how it affects the word ri̠i̠rýto take:

Rule	Output
--	ri̠i̠rý
Q/W@-1	ri̠i̠rý
A/B	rí̠í̠rý

[edit] [top]Other PoS

For other parts of speech, there is no set way to derive a word.

As this is only an approximation and derivation is highly irregular, there is no way to give a test on a hypothetical derivation. This is why there is no quiz on this lesson. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article

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