Walyavalywa Grammar
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User] on 1 Oct 2021, 16:29.
[comments] grammarsyntaxmorphologywlyw
The subject is marked on an affirmative verb and the object/intransitive subject is marked on a negative verb. The transitive subject may also be marked separately on a transitive negative verb.
Imperative/hortatives use the imperative/hortative stem. For many verbs, this is identical. They use suffixes where the accent is moved to the suffix.
Verbs can take a large array of suffixes as well. These include:
-(w)aŋa towards the sea/coast
-la inland
-tway andative
-cava venitive
-vazir with difficulty - ongoing
-zilay with difficulty - completive
-"ubay perfective
-"u non-finite
The " marker in those last 2 indicates that the final consonant is doubled (this only has an effect for certain consonants as described in the morphophonology section below), or if the word ends with a vowel, that a glottal stop is inserted.
if <e> is followed or preceded by another vowel, it is deleted.
if not otherwise specified, if two vowels would be put in hiatus, they become separated by a glottal stop <ʼ>.
Doubled consonants are reduced to single consonants, with the following exceptions:
- doubled y becomes j
- doubled l becomes r
- doubled v becomes m
Walyavalywa is predominantly SVO, uses prepositions, and puts the noun first in the NP.
In verb phrases with auxiliaries, the (first) auxiliary comes first, marked for person, polarity, and imperative/hortative. Subsequent verbs in the chain get the non-finite marker. The main content verb will be marked with andative/venitive and similar affixes, if applicable.
Possessors follow the possessee in the genitive case. Appositives follow the head noun in the absolutive case.
Polar questions are formed by putting the particle ki before the verb. Wh-questions are formed by ending the sentence with li and then the wh-word in question.
Relative clauses can be introduced with the particles ima or wa, but they are optional in clauses of a single word. Many expressions that would use adjectives in English use single-word relative clauses in Walyavalywa, e.g. tanwáqa amitwaŋwa (tanwáqa an-mitwaŋwa) anteater.7Unknown code 7Unknown code.SUBJUnknown code-clumsy "clumsy anteater". ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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