Noun Cases
▲
0▲ 0 ▼ 0
Rules and declensions for the four cases
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 24 Dec 2022, 17:27.
[comments] abada
1. Noun Cases
?
?
[Unnamed] has four cases: agentive, patientive, genitive, and possessive, along with singular and plural forms (while there is a paucal "form", it is created through an adjective rather than a case). Genitive and possessive have a contrasting agentive and patientive form.The agentive case is the default unmarked form of the noun. It denotes the subject of an instransitive verb and the active subject or object of a transitive verb. Its plural form is declined by reduplicated the last vowel of the root and inserting j between them. Long vowels become short when reduplicated.
The patientive case denotes the passive subject or object of a transitive verb. It is in direct opposition with the agentive case – in other words, when one entity of a transitive verb is agentive, the other must be patientive.
The voiced singular form is declined by replacing the last consonant with the affix/infix luv. This means that even if the consonant is in the interior of the word, it will still be replaced (šaré > šaluvé). The unvoiced form is declined similarly, but with the consonant being replaced by uva. uu or similar clusters are reduced to ū, and a undergoes a similar process. Its plural form replaces the last consonant of a word with ju if the word ends in a consonant, and otherwise simply suffixes it with no replacement.
The unvoiced singular form is declined by replacing the final consonant with uva, regardless of whether it is the final consonant or not.
The genitive case is used to mark inalienable possession (“Janet’s height”), relationship indicated by the noun being modified ("Janet's husband"), composition (e.g. “a pack of dogs”), origin (“men of Rome”), and recipient (the package for Dave).
The voiced form is declined in the singular agentive by fronting all vowels and suffixing as. In the plural agentive, it is declined by suffixing js if the root ends in a vowel, or ajs if it ends in a consonant, and then fronting all vowels. The singular patientive is declined by replacing the last consonant with ves if the root ends in a consonant, and otherwise suffixing ves, then fronting all vowels. The plural patientive form is declined by replacing the last consonant with vjs if the root ends in a consonant, and otherwise suffixing vjs, then fronting all vowels.
The unvoiced form is declined in the singular agentive by fronting all vowels and suffixing a. In the plural agentive, it is declined by suffixing va and fronting all vowels. The singular patientive is declined by replacing the last consonant with va and fronting all vowels. The plural patientive is declined by replacing the last consonant with vja and fronting all vowels.
The possessive case is used to mark alienable possession of singular nouns, description (“man of honor” > “honor’s man”), reference (“the capital of the Republic” > “the Republic’s capital”), and the performer, or sometimes the undergoer, of an action (“his arrival”, “the government's overthrow”).
The voiced form is declined in the singular agentive by suffixing ev. Double letters go to their long form. In the plural agentive, it is declined by suffixing ejv and turning double letters to their long form. The singular patientive is declined by suffixing lev. The plural patientive is declined by suffixing jev.
The unvoiced form is declined in the singular agentive by replacing the final consonant with kkav. The plural agentive is declined by replacing the final consonant with kjav. The singular patientive is declined by replacing the final consonant with kkuv. The plural patientive is declined by replacing the final consonant with kjuv.
✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
Comments
