Lesson #2 - Noun Cases
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An overview of Baja's 84 noun cases
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 24 Aug 2023, 02:58.
[comments] bjalessonslesson 2 Nouns in Baja can take any of 84 cases; in fact, each noun must take at least two.
Cases can be divided into two groups: basic and supplemental. The basic cases are the absolutive, ergative, accusative, and patient cases; all nouns must take exactly one of these cases. The supplemental cases are the common, reprehensive, limitative, elative, sociative, proximative, subessive, privative, origin, dissemblative, sinistrative, adessive, ante-lative, dextrative, ante-elative, instructive, antessive, supraessive, subelative, pertingent, vialis, exessive, final, eotive, prolative, lative, ornative, temporal, interactive, immotive, andative, instrumental, benefactive, proprietive, referential, durative, postelative, adelative, circumessive, comitative, illative, inelative, oppositive, circumlative, apudessive, aversive, revertive, ectessive, locative, distributive, supralative, abessive, postlative, causal, perlative, substitutive, essive-formative, orientative, construct state, inessive, sublative, prosecutive, distributive-temporal, vocative, pegative, orbital, semblative, postessive, perlocative, intrative, allative, terminative, ablative, egressive, venitive, superessive, malefactive, delative, translative, and postessive cases; all nouns must take at least one of these cases (most commonly the common case).
Baja's basic cases feature split ergativity based on whether the referent is dangerous.
For non-dangerous referents, the following two cases are used:
- The ergative case denotes the agent of a transitive verb.
- The absolutive case denotes the argument of an intransitive verb, or the patient of a transitive verb.
For dangerous referents, the following three cases are used:
- The ergative case denotes the agent of a transitive verb.
- The accusative case denotes the patient of a transitive verb.
- The patient case (sometimes called the intransitive case) denotes the argument of an intransitive verb.
Baja's supplemental cases can be organised using two separate case hierarchies: the primary case hierarchy and the adjective disagreement case hierarchy.
The primary case hierarchy is mainly used when learning the supplemental cases.
| Case # | Name |
|---|---|
| 1 | Common |
| 2 | Reprehensive |
| 3 | Limitative |
| 4 | Elative |
| 5 | Sociative |
| 6 | Proximative |
| 7 | Subessive |
| 8 | Privative |
| 9 | Origin |
| 10 | Dissemblative |
| 11 | Sinistrative |
| 12 | Adessive |
| 13 | Ante-lative |
| 14 | Dextrative |
| 15 | Ante-elative |
| 16 | Instructive |
| 17 | Antessive |
| 18 | Supraessive |
| 19 | Subelative |
| 20 | Pertingent |
| 21 | Vialis |
| 22 | Exessive |
| 23 | Final |
| 24 | Eotive |
| 25 | Prolative |
| 26 | Lative |
| 27 | Ornative |
| 28 | Temporal |
| 29 | Interactive |
| 30 | Immotive |
| 31 | Andative |
| 32 | Instrumental |
| 33 | Benefactive |
| 34 | Proprietive |
| 35 | Referential |
| 36 | Durative |
| 37 | Postelative |
| 38 | Adelative |
| 39 | Circumessive |
| 40 | Comitative |
| 41 | Illative |
| 42 | Inelative |
| 43 | Oppositive |
| 44 | Circumlative |
| 45 | Apudessive |
| 46 | Aversive |
| 47 | Revertive |
| 48 | Ectessive |
| 49 | Locative |
| 50 | Distributive |
| 51 | Supralative |
| 52 | Abessive |
| 53 | Postlative |
| 54 | Causal |
| 55 | Perlative |
| 56 | Substitutive |
| 57 | Essive-formative |
| 58 | Orientative |
| 59 | Construct state |
| 60 | Inessive |
| 61 | Sublative |
| 62 | Prosecutive |
| 63 | Distributive-temporal |
| 64 | Vocative |
| 65 | Pegative |
| 66 | Orbital |
| 67 | Semblative |
| 68 | Postessive |
| 69 | Perlocative |
| 70 | Intrative |
| 71 | Allative |
| 72 | Terminative |
| 73 | Ablative |
| 74 | Egressive |
| 75 | Venitive |
| 76 | Superessive |
| 77 | Malefactive |
| 78 | Delative |
| 79 | Translative |
| 80 | Postessive |
The adjective disagreement case hierarchy is used when determining adjective disagreement.
| Case # | Name |
|---|---|
| 1 | Common |
| 2 | Venitive |
| 3 | Illative |
| 4 | Ante-elative |
| 5 | Circumlative |
| 6 | Sublative |
| 7 | Lative |
| 8 | Perlocative |
| 9 | Exessive |
| 10 | Sinistrative |
| 11 | Intrative |
| 12 | Aversive |
| 13 | Subelative |
| 14 | Antessive |
| 15 | Semblative |
| 16 | Revertive |
| 17 | Referential |
| 18 | Supraessive |
| 19 | Ectessive |
| 20 | Adelative |
| 21 | Proximative |
| 22 | Translative |
| 23 | Ablative |
| 24 | Elative |
| 25 | Distributive-temporal |
| 26 | Orientative |
| 27 | Privative |
| 28 | Substitutive |
| 29 | Reprehensive |
| 30 | Postelative |
| 31 | Circumessive |
| 32 | Sociative |
| 33 | Inelative |
| 34 | Supralative |
| 35 | Postlative |
| 36 | Distributive |
| 37 | Postessive |
| 38 | Oppositive |
| 39 | Malefactive |
| 40 | Dissemblative |
| 41 | Pertingent |
| 42 | Prosecutive |
| 43 | Limitative |
| 44 | Egressive |
| 45 | Subessive |
| 46 | Vocative |
| 47 | Final |
| 48 | Inessive |
| 49 | Abessive |
| 50 | Origin |
| 51 | Immotive |
| 52 | Interactive |
| 53 | Postessive |
| 54 | Temporal |
| 55 | Construct state |
| 56 | Instrumental |
| 57 | Perlative |
| 58 | Proprietive |
| 59 | Ornative |
| 60 | Comitative |
| 61 | Terminative |
| 62 | Prolative |
| 63 | Benefactive |
| 64 | Causal |
| 65 | Andative |
| 66 | Adessive |
| 67 | Instructive |
| 68 | Allative |
| 69 | Dextrative |
| 70 | Vialis |
| 71 | Essive-formative |
| 72 | Locative |
| 73 | Ante-lative |
| 74 | Eotive |
| 75 | Pegative |
| 76 | Orbital |
| 77 | Superessive |
| 78 | Delative |
| 79 | Apudessive |
| 80 | Durative |
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