Samiŋušut Samičuwunt Samimukutbi Ňatu
▲
1▲ 1 ▼ 0
Nattan Clitic Pronouns and Verbs
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 30 Jul 2019, 13:44.
[comments] natpronouns
?FYI...
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Nattan rarely uses free-standing pronouns, and instead employs clitic pronouns prefixed to the verb for the verb's objects. The basic template for any Nattan verb is:
[clitic pronoun] + [absolutive object] + [conjugated verb]
The clitic pronoun will include a resumptive portion of it if an absolutive object is included in the verbal complex, such as mãšiptsuf "I drink blood", glossed as:
mã
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.ERGErgative (case)
TRANS subject; agent=3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument šipt
blood suf
drink
Literally "I drink it, blood". With this construction, it is very rare to find a verb without an absolutive object prefixed. Conversely, it is not uncommon to find just an absolutive object (and no ergative one) on the verb, acting as a passive-like construction; basically a verb without an explicit agent: ãšiptsuf "blood is drunk".
ã
3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument šipt
blood suf
drink
If the absolutive object is plural, it does not need to be marked on the incorporated noun, such as in the example below using mul "rock", with the unmarked plural on the incorporated noun (which would be muluč when isolated):
Majumulixat.
maju
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.ERGErgative (case)
TRANS subject; agent=3PThird person plural (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument mul
rock i
PSTPast (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech xat
eat
"I ate rocks."
Clitic pronouns ending in <ã> /ɑ̃/ unpack to <aŋ> /aŋ/ when they occur before a vowel, whether it be the verb or an incorporated noun:
Laŋaŋušipt.
laŋ
2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you).ERGErgative (case)
TRANS subject; agent=3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument aŋu
water šipt
drink
"You drink water."
| ERGErgative (case) TRANS subject; agent → | Ø | 1SFirst person singular (person) speaker, signer, etc.; I | 2SSecond person singular (person) addressee (you) | 3SThird person singular (person) neither speaker nor addressee | 1PFirst person plural (person) we (inclusive or exclusive) | 2PSecond person plural (person) addressee (plural) | 3PThird person plural (person) neither speaker nor addressee, they/them |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABSAbsolutive (case) TRANS object, INTR argument ↓ | |||||||
| Ø | -- | ma | li | un | mima | liji | jun |
| 1SFirst person singular (person) speaker, signer, etc.; I |
am | mam | lam | nam | mimam | lijam | jum |
| 2SSecond person singular (person) addressee (you) |
al | mal | lal | nal | mimal | lijal | jul |
| 3SThird person singular (person) neither speaker nor addressee |
ã | mã | lã | nã | mimã | lijã | jã |
| 1PFirst person plural (person) we (inclusive or exclusive) |
ammi | mammi | lammi | nammi | mimammi | lijammi | jummi |
| 2PSecond person plural (person) addressee (plural) |
aji | maji | laji | naji | mimaji | lijaji | juji |
| 3PThird person plural (person) neither speaker nor addressee, they/them |
aju | maju | laju | naju | mimaju | lijaju | jajun |
Comments
