Proximity and the Locative Case
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A summary of words and phrases expressing proximity and position in Mozi, plus info on the Locative case.
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 24 Jan 2024, 05:08.
[comments] grammarmozi
2. Вило and Випро
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Positionary and proximal words are vital for (almost) any language. This article explores and breaks down such words and uses in Mozi. It also explains the locative case and its use, plus some common suffixes used in conjunction to create new meanings!
Нӧ, в ныряцам!
Demonstrative Pronouns, Adverbs, and Determiners
The Mozi language commonly uses pronouns, adverbs, and determiners to denote places and things. Specifically, adverbs are used to denote the place the subject or word it is tied to, pronouns are used as filler words, and determiners are used to elaborate which thing.
Adverbs
As said before, demonstrative adverbs are used to denote the place of the subject or word it is tied to. These words are usually placed right after the verb or verb phrase. Below are some examples.
Через вӥтӓр 2 часа я стоӥгь тӓл валкозлевасе.
through wind.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient 2Second person (person)
addressee (you) hour.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.PTVPartitive (number)
'some of' or for mass nouns 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument stand.1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech here rain.LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc
“I stood here in the rain for 2 hours.”
In the above sentence, the adverb is after the verb, and is automatically tied to the subject, “я” (I).
Он пеё сил в ого печане.
3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.MMasculine gender (gender)
masculine or male.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument bake.3PThird person plural (person)
neither speaker nor addressee, they/them.PRESPresent tense (tense)
current in 3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.GENGenitive (case)
possessive bakery.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc
“He bakes there in his bakery.”
Like the example before, “сил” (there) is after the verb and modified “он” (he).
Биль свётее вило фагьа но хулигане.
car.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument shine.3SGUnknown code.PRESPresent tense (tense)
current left headlight.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.PTVPartitive (number)
'some of' or for mass nouns on hooligan.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc
“The car is shining its left headlight onto the hooligan.”
In the English translation of this peculiar sentence, it reads that the left headlight shines. “left,” in this case, would be an adjective, although the original text says otherwise. This is because such adverbs expressing, “left,” or, “right,” can act either reflexive or anaphoric. In this case, the word is reflexive and refers to the car, hence the odd translation. There is much more to discuss about this, so I will link another article here explaining “left” and “right.”
Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are straightforward in Mozi; they are merely fillers. If a preposition is involved in a simple sentence, the pronoun is omitted and the prepositional phrase is slid to the front of the sentence. There is not much more to explain about this, so here is an example:
Туда лигахиней крӧлик!
there dirty.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.MMasculine gender (gender)
masculine or male.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument rabbit.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.MMasculine gender (gender)
masculine or male.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument
“There's a dirty rabbit!”
In the above, if there were to be no adjective, you would replace it with “сей” (this, it), similar to Russian, “этот,” of the same meaning.
Determiners
Determiners are also very simple. They work as normal adjectives do and specify which or what thing. Example:
Здеся гоосениц курее лӱлиӓ.
here caterpillar.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.MMasculine gender (gender)
masculine or male.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument smoke.3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PRESPresent tense (tense)
current hookah.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.PTVPartitive (number)
'some of' or for mass nouns
“The caterpillar here is smoking a hookah.”
List
здеся - proximal
here (speaker)
refers to small area where speaker is
тӓл - p
here (speaker)
refers to the general area where the speaker is
вило - p
here to the left (speaker)
refers to the area in the front-left of the speaker
випро - p
here to the right (speaker)
refers to the area in the front-right of the speaker
туда - medial
there (listener)
refers to the small area where the listener is
сил - m
there (listener)
refers to the general area where the listener is
длево - m
there to the left (listener)
refers to the the area in the front-left of the listener
прочка - distal
over there (other)
refers to the small area where someone else is
прочиша - d
over there (other)
refers to the general area where someone else is
толда - d
over there to the left (other)
refers to the front-left of someone else
трада - d
over there to the right (other)
refers to the front-right of someone else
нараза - p
this region (speaker)
refers to the large region around at least 1st and/or 2nd person
сраза - p
that region (speaker)
refers to the region around at least 2nd and/or 3rd person
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