African [FRS]
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Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 9 March 2020
Language type
A posteriori
Species
Human/humanoid
About African
African (is Ifricési [iʃ ifriceʃi] or sa lamba ifricánu [ʃɐ lɐmbɐ ifrikɐnu]) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family, descended from the Vulgar Latin spoken in the Roman provinces of Africa and (to a lesser extent) Mauretania. Its closest relative is the only other extant Southern Romance variety, Sardinian, although that language has acquired a number of features from other Romance languages (Catalan, Spanish, and Italian) not present in African. It also shares a number of features with Sicilian and Neapolitan, mainly due to areal influence, such as the presence of retroflex consonants and extensive vowel reduction and metaphony. African was also influenced by native Berber languages of southern Roman Africa like Zenati, by the Vandalic language of the post-Roman Vandals, and later by the Classical Arabic of the various caliphates that jostled for control of the region following the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb until Christian reconquest in the 12th-14th centuries.
Sample of AfricanCan't find any yet.
Language family relationships
Phonology
Consonants | Bilabial | Labio- dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post- Alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Glottal | Other | ||||||||||||
Nasal | m | n | [ɳ]1 | [ɲ]2 | [ŋ]3 | |||||||||||||||||||
Plosive | p | b | t̪ | d̪ | ʈ | ɖ | [c]4 | [ɟ]5 | k | g | ||||||||||||||
Fricative | f | θ | s | ʃ | [ʂ]6 | [ɕ]7 | x | h | [ɦ]8 | |||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | l | [ɭ]9 | [ʎ]10 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | ʋ | j | w | [ɥ]11 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | r |
- Before retroflex stops, allophone of /n/
- Before front vowels, allophone of /n/
- Before /ɡ/, allophone of /n/
- Before front vowels, allophone of /k/
- Before front vowels, allophone of /g/
- Near retroflex sounds, allophone of /ʃ/
- Before front vowels, allophone of /ʃ/
- Sometimes realized intervocalically, allophone of /h/
- Near retroflex sounds, allophone of /l/
- Before front vowels, allophone of /l/
- Before front vowels, allophone of /w/
Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
Close | i | u | ||||
Close-mid | [e]1 | [o]2 | ||||
Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||||
Near-open | ɐ |
- allophone of /ɛ/
- allophone of /ɔ/
Orthography
Below is the orthography for African. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
AfricanOrthography [edit] | |||||||||||
Aa a /ɐ/ | Bb ba /b/ | Cc ca /k/, [c]1 | Dd da /d̪/ | Ee e /ɛ/ | Ff af /f/ | Gg ga /g/, [ɟ]2 | Hh hacca /h/ | Ii i /i/ | Jj i lunc /j/ | Kk kappa /k/3 | Ll al /l/, [ɭ]4, [ʎ]5 |
Mm am /m/ | Nn an /n/, [ɳ]6, [ɲ]7, [ŋ]8 | Oo o /ɔ/ | Pp pa /p/ | Qq cu /k/9 | Rr ar /r/ | Ss as /ʃ/, [ʂ]10 | Tt ta /t̪/ | Uu u /u/ | Vv va /ʋ/ | Yy i grac /i/11 | Zz az /s/ |
✖ Unknown alphabetical order [change] |
- Before front vowels
- Before front vowels
- loan words only
- Near retroflex sounds
- Before front vowels
- Before retroflex stops
- Before front vowels
- Before /ɡ/
- Only in the combination ⟨qu⟩
- Near retroflex sounds
- loan words only
Latest 8 related articles listed below.
African Numerals 26-Oct-20 17:31