Grung [GRUNG]
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Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 16 June 2021
Language type
A priori
Species
Human/humanoid
About Grung
This is a language of the Peninsulae.
Grung is a language isolate spoken in the Domorlathor River Basin, in the Free Territory of Ilauŋ. It is noted for its unusual phonology, with no labial consonants except /m/, dental fricatives, a full set of voiced fricatives, and a complex system of final consonant gradation. It is not generally written, though many Grughaj are literate in other languages (especially Salych and Nyappon). The information here specifically refers to the Skaalmaladlyn dialect of Grung, which is generally considered a prestige dialect and is often used for religious rituals across Ilaung.
The language is typologically unusual in having both case-marking and polypersonal agreement. The case-marking is ergative, with an absolutive either unmarked or marked -j and an ergative marked -t. The verbal agreement is more complex, but should be seen as primarily accusative. Obviation is marked on verbs and pronouns for sapients, but with a marked proximate; the obviate, which is relatively unmarked, is also used for all non-sapient nouns. Some eastern dialects of Grung have gone further and taken the definite marker and turned it into an explicit proximate marker on the noun, disallowing it from being used with obviate nouns or any non-sapients. Switch-reference is also used, with enclitics on chained or subordinated verbs.
Grung is a language isolate spoken in the Domorlathor River Basin, in the Free Territory of Ilauŋ. It is noted for its unusual phonology, with no labial consonants except /m/, dental fricatives, a full set of voiced fricatives, and a complex system of final consonant gradation. It is not generally written, though many Grughaj are literate in other languages (especially Salych and Nyappon). The information here specifically refers to the Skaalmaladlyn dialect of Grung, which is generally considered a prestige dialect and is often used for religious rituals across Ilaung.
The language is typologically unusual in having both case-marking and polypersonal agreement. The case-marking is ergative, with an absolutive either unmarked or marked -j and an ergative marked -t. The verbal agreement is more complex, but should be seen as primarily accusative. Obviation is marked on verbs and pronouns for sapients, but with a marked proximate; the obviate, which is relatively unmarked, is also used for all non-sapient nouns. Some eastern dialects of Grung have gone further and taken the definite marker and turned it into an explicit proximate marker on the noun, disallowing it from being used with obviate nouns or any non-sapients. Switch-reference is also used, with enclitics on chained or subordinated verbs.
Sample of Grung[view] qʼaðisaɣitɬɨðja, ɲaksɨj tsɨgmal kʼuɾ ŋaɨn
Without darkness, there cannot be light.[view all texts]
Without darkness, there cannot be light.[view all texts]
Language family relationships
Language treeAhlenqerthian
⤷ Proto-Ahlenqerth
⤷ Isolates
⤷
Grung
⤷ Proto-Ahlenqerth
⤷ Isolates
⤷
Grung[view] About AhlenqerthianProto-World for the world of Ahlenqerth (incl. the Peninsulae), to keep the various language families organized.
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- Alveolar | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Uvular | Other | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||||||||||
| Plosive | t tʼ | d | k kʼ | g | q qʼ | |||||||||||||
| Fricative | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | x | ɣ | ||||||||||
| Affricate | t͡s t͡sʼ | d͡z | t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ | d͡ʒ | t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ | d͡ɮ | ||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | |||||||||||||||||
| Lateral fricative | ɬ | ɮ | ||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||||||||||||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||||||||||||||
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
| Close | i i: | ɨ | u u: | |||
| Open | a a: | |||||
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Grung. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
| GrungOrthography | |||||||||
| a/a/ | d/d/ | dz/d͡z/ | dʒ/d͡ʒ/ | dɮ/d͡ɮ/ | g/g/ | i/i/ | j/j/ | k/k/ | kʼ/kʼ/ |
| l/l/ | m/m/ | n/n/ | q/q/ | qʼ/qʼ/ | s/s/ | t/t/ | ts/t͡s/ | tsʼ/t͡sʼ/ | tʃ/t͡ʃ/ |
| tʃʼ/t͡ʃʼ/ | tɬ/t͡ɬ/ | tɬʼ/t͡ɬʼ/ | tʼ/tʼ/ | u/u/ | w/w/ | x/x/ | z/z/ | ð/ð/ | ŋ/ŋ/ |
| ɣ/ɣ/ | ɨ/ɨ/ | ɲ/ɲ/ | ʃ/ʃ/ | ʒ/ʒ/ | ɬ/ɬ/ | ɮ/ɮ/ | ɾ/ɾ/ | θ/θ/ | |
| ✖ Unknown alphabetical order | |||||||||
Latest 8 related articles listed below.
Grung Final Consonant Gradation
Exploring how final consonants in Grung change before a suff...
16-Jun-21 20:29
