Jutsaish [XNY]
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Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 15 July 2020
Language type
A priori
Species
Human/humanoid
About Jutsaish
Jutsaish is (meant to be) the primary language of Jutsa (Yuíøsaì), although given its planetary canon, it's quite plausible it'll only be one of many. (Chances are I'll never get anywhere close to done making one of these things.)
Sample of JutsaishCan't find any yet.
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | n1 | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | |||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | t2 | ʈ | c3 | k4 | ʔ5 | ||||||||||||
| Fricative | ɸ | s6 s̺ʷ7 | ç | χ | [ʁ̞]8 | |||||||||||||
| Affricate | [p͡ɸ]9 | [t͡s]10 [t͡s̺ʷ]11 | [c͡ç]12 | [k͡x̠]13 | ||||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | [lʲ]14 | |||||||||||||||||
| Lateral flap | ɺ15 | |||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||||||||||||
| Click | ǀ16 [ǀˀ]17 [ǀ̩ˀ]18 [ⁿǀ]19 [ǀʰʶ]20 | ǃ21 [ǃˀ]22 [ǃ̩ˀ]23 [ⁿǃ]24 [ǃʰʶ]25 | ||||||||||||||||
| Implosive | [ɓ̥]26 | [ɗ̥]27 | [ᶑ̥]28 | [ʄ̥]29 | [ɠ̥]30 | |||||||||||||
| Blends | fʷs̺̩ʲ31 |
- alveolar-dental; may be slightly palatalized
- alveolar-dental; may be slightly palatalized
- more accurately prevelar (c~k)
- more accurately postvelar (k~q)
- spelling of glottalized /P/ word-medially
- alveolar-dental; may be slightly palatalized
- more accurately whistled
- rarely in old dialects; has since become non-glottal vowel hiatus; [ă~ʁ~ɢ̆~ʕ], allophone of /ɐ/
- realization of several consonant clusters (such as /pɸ/)
- realization of several consonant clusters (such as /ts/)
- realization of several consonant clusters (such as /ʈs̺ʷ/)
- realization of several consonant clusters (such as /cç/)
- realization of several consonant clusters (such as /kχ/)
- rarely in old dialects; since replaced /j/ (which moved to become <r>), allophone of /j/
- allophonically may be [l̺] or [ɾ]
- tenuis velar release
- /ǀ/ preceeded by /ʔ/
- single: <xx> with OR second-hand yes~maybe | double: <x-x> [||/|!] without.
- /ǀ/ preceded by a nasal or /ɺ/
- sequence /χǀ/ and /ʁ̞ǀ/; more accurately [ǀqʰ] or [ǀx]; postvelar
- tenuis velar release
- /!/ preceeded by /ʔ/
- its own syllable; in only one word/affix meaning no or not
- /!/ preceded by a nasal or /ɺ/
- sequence /χ!/ and /ʁ̞!/; more accurately [!qʰ] or [!x]; postvelar
- realization of /ʔp/ and some other consonant clusters
- Usually pronounced /ʔj/, /ᶑ̥/ or simply /ʔt/. May be pronounced invariably by some speakers
- realization of /ʔʈ/ and some other preglottal clusters
- rare realization of /ʔc/ in some dialects
- rare realization of /ʔk/ in some dialects
- paraphonetic; used for "wow!", or to call someone. (Special characters)
| Vowels | Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | |||||
| Close | ḭ̏1 [ḭ̂]2 i᷆:3 i᷄4 i᷅5 î6 í7 ì8 | |||||||||
| Near-close | ɪ | ʊ | ||||||||
| Mid | [e̞]9 | |||||||||
| Open-mid | ɔ | |||||||||
| Near-open | ɐ10 | |||||||||
- strong vocal fry; realization of low falling tone followed by glottal stop (flat stiff tone); short
- frequent realization of high falling tone followed by a coda glottal stop (i.e. falling stiff tone)
- low falling tone; considered extra long; may be a flat double-low tone [ ȉ ]
- high rising tone; shorter than others, often inquisitive; may be dipping (HLH)
- low rising tone
- high falling tone
- high tone unmarked (i.e. default)
- may be anywhere from mid to low.
- most notably after (post-)velars, allophone of /ɪ/
- Often times written /ɜ/ for convenience; also more accurate in some dialects.
Syllable Structure(C¹)V(C²) / (C¹)V(T)N, where C¹ is any consonant, V is any vowel high or low tone*, and C² is a set of archiphonemes, broadly transcribed as /Y/, /R/, /W/, /n/, /P/, /T/, /D/, /C/, and /K/.** These archephonemes are not usually written in transcription, although can be useful as they more closely match Jutsaish orthography. /n/ is the only coda that can appear after a Y/R/W-Tone vowel (originally diphthongs)
*May be 6-12 tones; only 2 following orthography.
**/n/ is normally pronounced as an alveolar, but assimilates to following plosives (and nasals in dialects that turn geminates into prenasalized plosives). It is not generally written /N/ since its basic phoneme is pretty clear, although /N/ is acceptable. /Y/, /R/ and /W/ were formerly /j/, /ʁ̞/ and /w/, which became diphthongs, but since dissolved into the complex tone system (although still affect several C¹ consonants). The rest all have a plosive, fricative, and glottal realization; for instance, /P/ can be /p/, /ɸ/, or /ʔ/ depending on context. These archiphonemes also affect several C¹ consonants, as well as adjust the tone of previous vowels in a (comparatively) predictable way.
Between syllables, upwards of 63 clusters and 8 phones (depending on dialect) exist: p(j,ɺ,ɸ,s,s̺ʷ,ç,χ), t(w,ç,χ), c(çw~ɸ), ʔ(p,t,ʈ,n,ɳ,ɲ,ŋ,w,ɺ,j) (+m,c,k in some dialects), ɸ(t,ʈ,c,k,χ,ɲ,ŋ,|,!), s(p,t,c,k,χ,m,n,ɲ,w,ɺ,j,|,!), ç(p,t,c,m,n,ɳ,w,ɺ), and n(p,t,ʈ,c,k,ɸ,s,s̺ʷ,ç,χ,m,n,ɳ,ɲ,ŋ,w,ɺ,j,|,!) [i.e. n(all)]
*May be 6-12 tones; only 2 following orthography.
**/n/ is normally pronounced as an alveolar, but assimilates to following plosives (and nasals in dialects that turn geminates into prenasalized plosives). It is not generally written /N/ since its basic phoneme is pretty clear, although /N/ is acceptable. /Y/, /R/ and /W/ were formerly /j/, /ʁ̞/ and /w/, which became diphthongs, but since dissolved into the complex tone system (although still affect several C¹ consonants). The rest all have a plosive, fricative, and glottal realization; for instance, /P/ can be /p/, /ɸ/, or /ʔ/ depending on context. These archiphonemes also affect several C¹ consonants, as well as adjust the tone of previous vowels in a (comparatively) predictable way.
Between syllables, upwards of 63 clusters and 8 phones (depending on dialect) exist: p(j,ɺ,ɸ,s,s̺ʷ,ç,χ), t(w,ç,χ), c(çw~ɸ), ʔ(p,t,ʈ,n,ɳ,ɲ,ŋ,w,ɺ,j) (+m,c,k in some dialects), ɸ(t,ʈ,c,k,χ,ɲ,ŋ,|,!), s(p,t,c,k,χ,m,n,ɲ,w,ɺ,j,|,!), ç(p,t,c,m,n,ɳ,w,ɺ), and n(p,t,ʈ,c,k,ɸ,s,s̺ʷ,ç,χ,m,n,ɳ,ɲ,ŋ,w,ɺ,j,|,!) [i.e. n(all)]
OtherHigh/low level vowels are considered "normal", while more complex tones are usually longer, increasing in duration the lower the tone (i.e. HR < HF < LR < < LF). Glottalized/Staccato tone vowels (i.e. tones before glottal stops), while in theory the same, are realized much differently, as level vowels are shorter and the order is reversed for complex tones (i.e. HR > LR > HF > LF), making the falling tones frequently collapse into creaky vowels.
For legato (i.e. non-glottal) utterance-final vowels, there's generally a small [h] (or [ʰ]) pronounced to help distinguish it from a glottal vowel.
Quantifying phonemes is rather difficult. Generally the 21 onset consonants (including /ʔ/), base 3 vowels, and 2 register tones are considered phonemic. Generally /ɔ/ is considered its own phoneme, along with the 4 more complex legato tones. However, there may be 2-6 extra glottalized tones. There are also 13-17 phones created from consonant clustering (in context) - more in some dialects (example: prenasalized consonants become voiced and often a single mora). There also exist complex paraphonetics, and arguably up to 9 coda archiphonemes (which, if used, would drop /ɔ/ and all but 2 tones) - the method (approximately) used in orthography.
For legato (i.e. non-glottal) utterance-final vowels, there's generally a small [h] (or [ʰ]) pronounced to help distinguish it from a glottal vowel.
Quantifying phonemes is rather difficult. Generally the 21 onset consonants (including /ʔ/), base 3 vowels, and 2 register tones are considered phonemic. Generally /ɔ/ is considered its own phoneme, along with the 4 more complex legato tones. However, there may be 2-6 extra glottalized tones. There are also 13-17 phones created from consonant clustering (in context) - more in some dialects (example: prenasalized consonants become voiced and often a single mora). There also exist complex paraphonetics, and arguably up to 9 coda archiphonemes (which, if used, would drop /ɔ/ and all but 2 tones) - the method (approximately) used in orthography.
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Jutsaish. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
 JutsaishOrthography [edit] | |||||||||
| Aa/ɐ/1 | Cc/c/2 | Dd/ʈ/ | Ee/ɪ/, [e̞]3 | Ff/ɸ/ | Hh/χ/ | Īī/ì/4 | Îî/i᷅/5 | Iı/i᷆:/6 | Ìì/î/7 |
| Í í/i᷄/8 | Jj/ç/ | Kk/k/9 | Ll/ɺ/10 | Mm/m/ | Nn/n/11 | Ñ ñ/ɲ/ | Ŋŋ/ŋ/ | Oo/ɔ/ | Pp/p/ |
| Qq/ǃ/12 | Rr// | Ss/s̺ʷ/13 | Tt/t/14 | Uu/ʊ/ | Vv/ɳ/ | Ww/w/ | Xx/ǀ/15 | Yy/j/ | Zz/s/16 |
| b/ʔ/17 | g/ʔ/18 | nq[ⁿǃ]19 | nx[ⁿǀ]20 | qh[ǃʰʶ]21 | xh[ǀʰʶ]22 | xx[ǀˀ]23 | qq[ǃˀ]24 | ||
| ✔ Shown in correct order [change] | |||||||||
- Often times written /ɜ/ for convenience; also more accurate in some dialects.
- more accurately prevelar (c~k)
- most notably after (post-)velars.
- may be anywhere from mid to low.
- low rising tone
- low falling tone; considered extra long; may be a flat double-low tone [ ȉ ]
- high falling tone
- high rising tone; shorter than others, often inquisitive; may be dipping (HLH)
- more accurately postvelar (k~q)
- allophonically may be [l̺] or [ɾ]
- alveolar-dental; may be slightly palatalized
- tenuis velar release
- more accurately whistled
- alveolar-dental; may be slightly palatalized
- tenuis velar release
- alveolar-dental; may be slightly palatalized
- spelling of glottalized /P/ word-medially
- spelling of glottalized /K/ word-medially
- /!/ preceded by a nasal or /ɺ/
- /ǀ/ preceded by a nasal or /ɺ/
- sequence /χ!/ and /ʁ̞!/; more accurately [!qʰ] or [!x]; postvelar
- sequence /χǀ/ and /ʁ̞ǀ/; more accurately [ǀqʰ] or [ǀx]; postvelar
- /ǀ/ preceeded by /ʔ/
- /!/ preceeded by /ʔ/
