High Yamna [YAMN]
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Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 25 October 2022
Language type
Mixed
Place & SpeakersHigh Yamna is spoken in shangming lands.
Species
Human/humanoid
About High Yamna
In the Endymion world, (Kārra Endymionai in Lyrian, Cangminnwāra in Yamna) there was a high number of cultures and languages.
Among them, it remains the Yamnaic culture which is spread through a large tropical and continental-humide zone in the south-west continent. Yamna's people is not so unified today but in the past, different empires were taking turns. The more late and influent was the "Yāmnayakɯtsɯ̅ng" (the suzerainty of Yamna).
The language of this contry is "Yāmnageng", also called high yamna or vernacular yamna. We can assimilate it to a mixe of old yamna dialects but coded (by the monks, a certain nobility, some educated landowners, poets and writers...).
It is the first language I post on conworkshop, I hope you enjoy it :)
Among them, it remains the Yamnaic culture which is spread through a large tropical and continental-humide zone in the south-west continent. Yamna's people is not so unified today but in the past, different empires were taking turns. The more late and influent was the "Yāmnayakɯtsɯ̅ng" (the suzerainty of Yamna).
The language of this contry is "Yāmnageng", also called high yamna or vernacular yamna. We can assimilate it to a mixe of old yamna dialects but coded (by the monks, a certain nobility, some educated landowners, poets and writers...).
It is the first language I post on conworkshop, I hope you enjoy it :)
Sample of High Yamna[view] Ɯmhyɯlmorung Gɯ-nɯ ɯ̅nɯ kong, Gɯ-to Cīma-la kong ɯ̅nɯ, Gɯ-to Cīma-kong ɯ̅nɯ.
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.[view all texts]
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.[view all texts]
Language family relationships
Language treeyamnaic
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High Yamna
⤷
High Yamna[view] About yamnaicAt the beginning, yamnaic family gathers languages of the yamnaic people, the main and dominant people in the land of the south-west continent. Yamnaic people is haplogroup N, O and mongoloid.
Originnally, yamnaic people lived in the est steppe plai...
Originnally, yamnaic people lived in the est steppe plai...
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Alveolar | Post- Alveolar | Alveolo- palatal | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | [ɴ]1 | ||||||||||||||
| Plosive | p̬ pʰʼ | [t̬ʲ]2 t̬ tʰʼ [tʰʼʲ]3 | [k̬ʲ]4 k̬ kʰʼ [kʰʼʲ]5 | |||||||||||||||
| Fricative | s sʰʼ | ʃ | [ɕ]6 | h | ||||||||||||||
| Affricate | t͡s | d͡z | t͡ʃ | d͡ʒ | [t͡ɕ]7 | |||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l8 [lʲ]9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||||||||||||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||||||||||||||
- only in particular positions like at the end of a word, allophone of /ŋ/
- derived from the contraction of /d/ + /vowel/
- derived from the contraction of "t" + "vowel-type"
- derive from the contraction of /g/ + /vowel/
- dervived from the contraction of "k" + "vowel-type"
- allophone of /ʃ/
- allophone of /t͡ʃ/
- can be interpreted as a /r/ in some position
- derive from the contraction of /l/ + /vowel/
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
| Close | i i: | y1 | ɯ ɯ: | u2 | ||
| Mid | [e̞]3 | [ə]4 | [o̞̜]5 | |||
| Open | ɶ6 | ä ä: | ||||
- derived from /i/ as ronded
- derived from /ɯ/ as ronded
- derived from /i/ as impaired, allophone of /i/
- derived from /ä/ as impaired, allophone of /ä/
- derived from /ɯ/ as impaired, it's a ton between ɤ and ʌ, actually : ɤ̞, allophone of /ɯ/
- derived from /ä/ as ronded
Syllable Structure(C)(N)V(N)(C) is the current syllable allowed, so it can be :
common : CV, CVN, NV, NVN ==> C/N V (N)
less common : V, CVC, VN
rare : VC, NVC ==> (C/N) V (N/C)
extremly rare : CNV, CNVN, CVNC, VNC ==> (C(/N))(N)V(N/C) or (C/N)V(N)((N/)C)
and with the semi-vowel : SVV, CSVV, CSVVN, CSVVC, VSV, CVSV, NVSV
to exist, we supose all these structures should respect the vowel harmony
common : CV, CVN, NV, NVN ==> C/N V (N)
less common : V, CVC, VN
rare : VC, NVC ==> (C/N) V (N/C)
extremly rare : CNV, CNVN, CVNC, VNC ==> (C(/N))(N)V(N/C) or (C/N)V(N)((N/)C)
and with the semi-vowel : SVV, CSVV, CSVVN, CSVVC, VSV, CVSV, NVSV
to exist, we supose all these structures should respect the vowel harmony
Stress informationIn High Yamna, the stress is unsignificant for the meaning, very smooth and we can ignore it.
However, it exist an accent which can remains. Originally in antique language, this stress was on the last syllable but gradually new significant accents were appeared. Those accents were really unstable and unpredictible but we can think those accents were responsible of the growing of the vowel harmony (or on the contrary, the vowel harmony caused those accents).
At any rate, we can note the nobel codifications :
- if the word is monosyllabic : unstressed (we say neutral, it stays even in the composite words)
-if the word is =< 2 :
- the word is already accentuated on the strongest element :
long vowels (ī,ā,ɯ̅) > primary vowels (i,a,ɯ) > ronded vowels (y,œ,u)/ impaired vowels (e,ą,o)
examples : 'hi.ry ; 'hi.no.'ma.rœ (this word can have two stress) ; 'pā.ta.mą ; 'ci.dzy.ma ; 'gɯ.(')dcil.ma
also, there is exceptions...
This nobel accent is only significant for social statue and create no meaning in the language
However, it exist an accent which can remains. Originally in antique language, this stress was on the last syllable but gradually new significant accents were appeared. Those accents were really unstable and unpredictible but we can think those accents were responsible of the growing of the vowel harmony (or on the contrary, the vowel harmony caused those accents).
At any rate, we can note the nobel codifications :
- if the word is monosyllabic : unstressed (we say neutral, it stays even in the composite words)
-if the word is =< 2 :
- the word is already accentuated on the strongest element :
long vowels (ī,ā,ɯ̅) > primary vowels (i,a,ɯ) > ronded vowels (y,œ,u)/ impaired vowels (e,ą,o)
examples : 'hi.ry ; 'hi.no.'ma.rœ (this word can have two stress) ; 'pā.ta.mą ; 'ci.dzy.ma ; 'gɯ.(')dcil.ma
also, there is exceptions...
This nobel accent is only significant for social statue and create no meaning in the language
OtherVowel harmony :
In high Yamna, there is a double vowel harmony. The vowels are classed according 7 parameters which create 7 vowels-classes devided in two types of mutations.
Parameters are : a couple of positions height-backness (3 parameters : type close-front "i", open-central "a", close-back "ɯ"), vowel length (2 parameters : long or brief), vowel impairment, vowel rounding.
Vowels-classes are :
type 1 - V³ : a³= i, a, ɯ ; ā³= ī, ā, ɯ̅ ; ą³= e, ą, o ; œ³= y, œ, u
type 2 - 4V : 4a= a, ā, ą, œ ; 4i= i, ī, e, y ; 4ɯ= ɯ, ɯ̅, o, u
hierarchic structure : ā³ > a³ > œ³/ą³
At the beginning, the wole Yamna's words were concerned by the vowel harmony, but over time, these mutations were relaxed. Globally, the 2 principal rules are :
1- a word must respect the hierarchic vowels structure : if a word beginn by a certain vowel, the following should be according the follow's structure
example : pātamą respect the hierarchic structure : ā > a > ą, gɯmo : ɯ > o, cidzyma i > y // a (here we end the structure, so we start again it), gɯ̅ssabegāma : ɯ̅ > a > e // ā > a
2- if a particle or a modal verb (unstressed) follows a stress word, it should be harmonised according the type 2
example : -tcą³ng mean "of/genitiv", cidzyma ( the gods) ==> cidzyma-tcąng ("a" is class 4a so ą³ which must stay impaired become the 4a impaired : ą) ; rɯinn (plain) ==> rɯinn-tceng ("i" class 4i, ą³: e) ; gɯmo (ghost/spirit) ==> gɯmo-tconn ("o" class 4ɯ : o)
There is others old rules but the mains are said.
In high Yamna, there is a double vowel harmony. The vowels are classed according 7 parameters which create 7 vowels-classes devided in two types of mutations.
Parameters are : a couple of positions height-backness (3 parameters : type close-front "i", open-central "a", close-back "ɯ"), vowel length (2 parameters : long or brief), vowel impairment, vowel rounding.
Vowels-classes are :
type 1 - V³ : a³= i, a, ɯ ; ā³= ī, ā, ɯ̅ ; ą³= e, ą, o ; œ³= y, œ, u
type 2 - 4V : 4a= a, ā, ą, œ ; 4i= i, ī, e, y ; 4ɯ= ɯ, ɯ̅, o, u
hierarchic structure : ā³ > a³ > œ³/ą³
At the beginning, the wole Yamna's words were concerned by the vowel harmony, but over time, these mutations were relaxed. Globally, the 2 principal rules are :
1- a word must respect the hierarchic vowels structure : if a word beginn by a certain vowel, the following should be according the follow's structure
example : pātamą respect the hierarchic structure : ā > a > ą, gɯmo : ɯ > o, cidzyma i > y // a (here we end the structure, so we start again it), gɯ̅ssabegāma : ɯ̅ > a > e // ā > a
2- if a particle or a modal verb (unstressed) follows a stress word, it should be harmonised according the type 2
example : -tcą³ng mean "of/genitiv", cidzyma ( the gods) ==> cidzyma-tcąng ("a" is class 4a so ą³ which must stay impaired become the 4a impaired : ą) ; rɯinn (plain) ==> rɯinn-tceng ("i" class 4i, ą³: e) ; gɯmo (ghost/spirit) ==> gɯmo-tconn ("o" class 4ɯ : o)
There is others old rules but the mains are said.
Orthography
Below is the orthography for High Yamna. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
| High YamnaOrthography [edit] | |||||||||
| Āā/ä:/ | Aa/ä/ | Ąą[ə]1 | Bb/p̬/ | Cc/ʃ/ | Dd/t̬/ | Dj dj/d͡ʒ/ | DY dy[t̬ʲ]2 | Dz dz/d͡z/ | Ee[e̞]3 |
| Gg/k̬/ | GY gy[k̬ʲ]4 | Hh/h/ | Īī/i:/ | Ii/i/ | Kk/kʰʼ/ | Ky ky[kʰʼʲ]5 | Ll/l/6, [lʲ]7 | Mm/m/ | Nn/n/ |
| Ng ng/ŋ/ | Nn nn[ɴ]8 | Oo[o̞̜]9 | Pp/pʰʼ/ | Rr/ɾ/ | Ss/s/ | Ss ss/sʰʼ/ | Tt/tʰʼ/ | Tc tc/t͡ʃ/ | Ts ts/t͡s/ |
| Ty ty[tʰʼʲ]10 | Uu/u/11 | Ww/w/ | Yy/y/12, /j/ | Zz[ɕ] | Œœ/ɶ/13 | Ɯɯ/ɯ/ | Ɯ̅ ɯ̅/ɯ:/ | ||
| ✖ Unknown alphabetical order [change] | |||||||||
- derived from /ä/ as impaired
- derived from the contraction of /d/ + /vowel/
- derived from /i/ as impaired
- derive from the contraction of /g/ + /vowel/
- dervived from the contraction of "k" + "vowel-type"
- can be interpreted as a /r/ in some position
- derive from the contraction of /l/ + /vowel/
- only in particular positions like at the end of a word
- derived from /ɯ/ as impaired, it's a ton between ɤ and ʌ, actually : ɤ̞
- derived from the contraction of "t" + "vowel-type"
- derived from /ɯ/ as ronded
- derived from /i/ as ronded
- derived from /ä/ as ronded
