On pronouns
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How to construct plural pronouns, and pronominal cases
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 23 Jan 2019, 21:43.
[comments] mpo
2. On pronouns
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Persons:The most basic level begins with three persons. The persons are I (1), you.sg (2), and it (3). The third person pronoun, as in English, will have three genders, masculine, feminine, and neuter (he, she, it).
The next step is to know how they work and interact. The pronouns simply add together, and the results are described in the table below. While they "simply add", I must make clear that any pronoun which is not singular is considered generally plural, meaning that 1+2 (i and singular you) is not distinct to 1+2.PL (i and plural you), and so on. If one wants to refer to more than two persons (1st, 2nd, 3rd) the earliest two take priority.
Cases:
There are a total of five nominal cases in this system: subject, object, dative, instrumental, and genitive.
Main table:
| + | I | You | It | He | She |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | We(r) | We(i) | We | We(m) | We(f) |
| You | We(i) | You(a) | You | You(m) | You(f) |
| It | We | You | They | They(m) | They(f) |
| He | We(m) | You(m) | They(m) | Guys | People |
| She | We(f) | You(f) | They(f) | People | Girls |
Certain contrasts exist for the sake of simplicity and ease of adjustment:
You is assumed collective, unless marked with (a) which limits 'you' to people in the audience.
We is assumed exclusive, unless marked with (i) to include 'you'.
They is assumed neuter, to contrast with people which is neutral.
The following key letters refer to...
R: royal
M: containing masculine (he), not necessarily all masculine
F: containing feminine (she), not necessarily all feminine
Note that "we", as well as "you" can be gendered according to whomever the third person or persons are. For the sake of regularity and ease of consideration, defaulting to neutral is accepted and will be used as the default in other documents.
Each pronoun is conjugated for case, and since any plural pronoun will serve one role in a sentence, there is an incidental vowel harmony within plural pronouns, which also gives rise to sentences made entirely of pronouns, yet without confusion as to which are part of what.
"(go) kotonanafuse" is what you hear, and as each vowel represents a different case it is broken up into:
"(go) koto nana fu se", "(go) (me and you).SUBSubject (argument) (him and him).OBJObject (argument) (her).GENGenitive (case)
possessive (it).INSInstrumental (case)
'with', 'using'"
Meaning: we go to those guys via her (vehicle, maybe a car)"
Some confusion may arise under very tight circumstances, but where two pronouns serve two different roles, a preposition will mark the finer distinctions in case.
An additional two pseudo-persons exist (along with the basic question words), these are referential pronouns/affixes which either specifically look at a precedent or an antecedent noun or pronoun, and are useful in creating Subordinate clauses. See the relevant article for more details. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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