Conjugation and declension
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how to conjugate verbs and decline nouns using "be" and pronouns
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 29 Jan 2019, 02:48.
[comments] mpo
2. On pronouns
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Nouns:Declension is quite simple. First is number, for which the final vowel sound of a root noun is dedicated. These forms are shown in the table below.
The second step to declining a noun is to assign it a pronoun. If the noun represents the first, second, third, or combinations of those people, then an appropriate pronoun is suffixed to the noun. See second table below as a quick reference. Each pronoun is declined for case, which by extension means nouns themselves carry cases. Empowered by this knowledge (of case), noun order is completely free, as long as all of them appear after the clause's central verb, though nouns meant to be connected by conjunctions must appear together. For more on constructing pronouns, see the article here
| Number | Zero | One | Two | Paucal | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suffix | i | e | a | o | u |
| Pronouns | 1First person (person) speaker, signer, etc; I | 2Second person (person) addressee (you) | 3Third person (person) neither speaker nor addressee.MMasculine gender (gender) masculine or male | 3Third person (person) neither speaker nor addressee.NNeuter (gender) neutral or neuter | 3Third person (person) neither speaker nor addressee.FFeminine gender (gender) feminine or female | WHQWh-question interrogative using question pronoun (Eng WH-words) | REFPPostcedent referent (indexing) refers to a following nominal | REFAAntecedent referent (indexing) refers to preceding nominal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location | vi | ʒi | pi | ti | li | ki | ri | zi |
| INSInstrumental (case) 'with', 'using' | ve | ʒe | pe | te | le | ke | re | ze |
| OBJObject (argument) | va | ʒa | pa | ta | la | ka | ra | za |
| SUBSubject (argument) | vo | ʒo | po | to | lo | ko | ro | zo |
| GENGenitive (case) possessive | vu | ʒu | pu | tu | lu | ku | ru | zu |
Verbs:
Mood:
At the end of every verb is a vowel indicating mood. For some of the moods, an additional "d", followed by a repeat of the mood vowel will indicate reciprocal action, such as "i said hello to you" -> "we said hello to each other". Root verbs by default end in consonants, meaning that the contents of the following table get attached directly to verbs to indicate mood (and possibly reciprocity).
| Mood | REALRealis mood (mood) actual, real events | NEGNegative (polarity) not | IMPImperative (mood) command | OPTOptative (mood) 'wish, hope' | SBJVSubjunctive mood (mood) desired or possible events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | i | e | a | o | u |
| Reciprocal | idi | ede | udu |
Tense:
Time tense is managed via prefixing instances of the verb "to be", conjugated for the various times. Stringing many instances of "to be" together will denote various perspective shifts, allowing for things like "past perfect", an event which, from the perspective of the past, was already in the past (English "had had"). In all, there are seven different conjugations of "to be", as listed in the table. An example sentence, converted would be: "We will have been working". Broken down: (we) (future + recent + progressive) (work). Translated: (vi-lo-gu) (work) (we).
| PASPast action occurred before moment of speech | RECRecent past tense (tense) events which occurred in the recent past | PREPresent | PROGProgressive (aspect) be verb-ing | INFInfinitive (TAM) non-tensed verb | FNEANear future (tense) something that will happen in not much time | FUTFuture (tense) action occurring after the moment of speech |
| da | di | sa | si | fu | fi | fa |
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