Phonemic dingadongs of Toap Shan
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Phonemes, Allophones, cluster rules and whatnot
This private article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 8 May 2020, 16:05.
[comments] tpg
2. Romanisation
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Toap Shan is analysed here as having 17 consonants and 4 vowels phonemes that can not be divided into a group of phonemes without any meaning of words ever changing. The reason why the ejectives, with their own distinctive allophones are not marked as phonemes here, is that they can be substituted by a /Cʔ/ cluster, just as indicated in the orthography. With the orthographic rendering if not the same as the IPA equivalent in italics, the fully distinct consonant inventory looks like this:
Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Front | Back | ||||||
Plosive | Tenuis | p b | t d | k g | q | ʔ h | |
Aspirated | pʰ p | tʰ t | kʰ k | ||||
Nasal | m | n | |||||
Fricative | Central | s | ʃ gs | χ r | h | ||
Lateral | ɬ ll | ||||||
Approximant | l | ʍ <hu> |
and the vowel inventory looks like this:
front | mid | back | |
---|---|---|---|
close | |||
mid | |||
open |
Toap Shan's most distinguishing aspect regarding allophony ib
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