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Written form basics
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 18 Jun 2017, 15:59.

[comments] Menu 1. Final apostrophe
[top]Final apostrophe


The final apostrophe is used in four situations.

  • On nouns declinated in an other way than nominative ;
  • on the preposition-determiner contraction ;
  • on the determiner-adjective contraction ;
  • on the verb-verb contraction.



1. The first case is very common. For example, "about a cat" would be translated ÿos emás' (/ʑos emɑ̤s/). This final apostrophe is used here because declinations are very simple and might confuse the declinated word with another non-declinated word.
2. The second case is also very often used, since it applies on any direct succession of a preposition and a determiner, such as "on the", "behind a", etc. For example, "on the" is translated palo' (/pɑɫo/) (with pal = "on" and o = "the").
3. The third case is much rarer, since adjective usually go after the noun, and therefore is separated from the determiner. But this rule can be ignored if the consonantic harmony demands it, and one might answer only "a new one", which would be translated ÿomnoi' (/ʑofnoj/) (with ÿ(o) = "a" and mnoi = "new"). This is more often used with short adjectives.
4. The fourth case is common, and it is a very unique way to express two verbs, when the second one is an infinitive. The tense of the first verb does not change anything then, as long as the two ones are in direct succession, such as "I want to do" which is translated ğanstaissut' (/wkɑnstɑjs:ut/). Be aware that if the "to be" auxiliary is used first, it becomes a passive participle of the second verb, such as in "it is done" = wtéissut' (/təjs:ut/).
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