Old Yopptekal WALS Values
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 1 Aug 2020, 10:54.
[comments] pypwalstypologygrammar 1A Consonant Inventories - Average 24
2A Vowel Quality Inventories - Small 3
3A Consonant-Vowel Ratio - High 8
4A Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives - No voicing contrast
5A Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems - Other no /b d g/
6A Uvular Consonants - Uvular stops and continuants
7A Glottalized Consonants - Ejectives only
8A Lateral Consonants - /l/ and lateral obstruents
9A The Velar Nasal - Initial velar nasal
10A Vowel Nasalization - Contrast absent
11A Front Rounded Vowels - None
12A Syllable Structure - Moderately complex
13A Tone - Simple tone system
14A Fixed Stress Locations - Initial
15A Weight-Sensitive Stress - Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)
16A Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems - No weight
17A Rhythm Types - Trochaic
18A Absence of Common Consonants - All present
19A Presence of Uncommon Consonants - None
20A Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives - Tonal/concatenative
21A Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives - Monoexponential case
21B Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection - Monoexponential TAM
22A Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb - 8-9 categories per word
23A Locus of Marking in the Clause - Double marking
24A Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases - Head marking
25A Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology - Inconsistent or other
25B Zero Marking of A and P Arguments - Non-zero marking
26A Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology - Equal prefixing and suffixing
27A Reduplication - No productive reduplication
28A Case Syncretism - No case marking
29A Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking - Not syncretic
30A Number of Genders - None
31A Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems - No gender
32A Systems of Gender Assignment - No gender
33A Coding of Nominal Plurality - Plural suffix
34A Occurrence of Nominal Plurality - All nouns, always obligatory
35A Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns - Person-number stem
36A The Associative Plural - Associative same as additive plural
37A Definite Articles - Definite affix
38A Indefinite Articles - No indefinite, but definite article
39A Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns - Inclusive/exclusive
40A Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection - Inclusive/exclusive
41A Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives - Two-way contrast
42A Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives - Identical
43A Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives - Related for non-human reference
44A Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns - No gender distinctions
45A Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns - Binary politeness distinction
46A Indefinite Pronouns - Interrogative-based
47A Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns - Differentiated
48A Person Marking on Adpositions - Pronouns and nouns
49A Number of Cases - 2 cases
50A Asymmetrical Case-Marking - Symmetrical
51A Position of Case Affixes - Postpositional clitics
52A Comitatives and Instrumentals - Differentiation
53A Ordinal Numerals - First, two, three
54A Distributive Numerals - Marked by prefix
55A Numeral Classifiers - Optional
57A Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes - Possessive prefixes
58A Obligatory Possessive Inflection - Exists
58B Number of Possessive Nouns - None reported
59A Possessive Classification - No possessive classification
60A Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses - Highly differentiated
61A Adjectives without Nouns - Marked by suffix
62A Action Nominal Constructions - Restricted
63A Noun Phrase Conjunction - 'And' identical to 'with'
64A Nominal and Verbal Conjunction - Differentiation
65A Perfective/Imperfective Aspect - Grammatical marking
66A The Past Tense - Present, no remoteness distinctions
67A The Future Tense - Inflectional future exists
68A The Perfect - No perfect
69A Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes - Mixed type
70A The Morphological Imperative - Second singular and second plural
71A The Prohibitive - Normal imperative + normal negative
72A Imperative-Hortative Systems - Maximal system
73A The Optative - Inflectional optative present
74A Situational Possibility - Affixes on verbs
75A Epistemic Possibility - Affixes on verbs
76A Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking - Overlap for both possibility and necessity
77A Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality - Direct and indirect
78A Coding of Evidentiality - Verbal affix or clitic
79A Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect - Aspect
79B Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives - None
80A Verbal Number and Suppletion - None
81A Order of Subject, Object and Verb - VSO
82A Order of Subject and Verb - VS
83A Order of Object and Verb - VO
84A Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb - VOX
85A Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase - Prepositions
86A Order of Genitive and Noun - Noun-genitive
87A Order of Adjective and Noun - Noun-adjective
88A Order of Demonstrative and Noun - Noun-demonstrative
89A Order of Numeral and Noun - Noun-numeral
90A Order of Relative Clause and Noun - Noun-relative clause
90C Postnominal relative clauses - Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant
91A Order of Degree Word and Adjective - Adjective-degree word
92A Position of Polar Question Particles - No question particle
93A Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions - Not initial interrogative phrase
94A Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause - Initial subordinator word
95A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase - VO and Prepositions
96A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun - VO and NRel
97A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun - VO and NAdj
98A Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases - Nominative-accusative (standard)
99A Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns - Nominative-accusative (standard)
100A Alignment of Verbal Person Marking - Accusative
101A Expression of Pronominal Subjects - Subject affixes on verbs
102A Verbal Person Marking - Both the A and P arguments
103A Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking - Zero in all 3sg forms
104A Order of Person Markers on the Verb - A precedes P
105A Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' - Secondary-object construction
106A Reciprocal Constructions - Identical to reflexive
107A Passive Constructions - Present
108A Antipassive Constructions - No antipassive
108B Productivity of the Antipassive Construction - No antipassive
109A Applicative Constructions - Benefactive and other; both bases
109B Other Roles of Applied Objects - Locative
110A Periphrastic Causative Constructions - Both
111A Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions - Morphological but no compound
112A Negative Morphemes - Negative auxiliary verb
113A Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation - Asymmetric
114A Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation - A/Fin
115A Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation - Negative existential construction
116A Polar Questions - Interrogative verb morphology
117A Predicative Possession - Locational
118A Predicative Adjectives - Verbal encoding
119A Nominal and Locational Predication - Different
120A Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals - Possible
121A Comparative Constructions - Locational
122A Relativization on Subjects - Gap
123A Relativization on Obliques - Pronoun-retention
124A 'Want' Complement Subjects - Desiderative verbal affix
125A Purpose Clauses - Balanced/deranked
126A 'When' Clauses - Balanced/deranked
127A Reason Clauses - Balanced
128A Utterance Complement Clauses - Balanced
129A Hand and Arm - Different
130A Finger and Hand - Different
131A Numeral Bases - Pure vigesimal
136A M-T Pronouns - No M-T pronouns
136B M in First Person Singular - No m in first person singular
137A N-M Pronouns - No N-M pronouns
137B M in Second Person Singular - No m in second person singular
141A Writing Systems - Mixed logographic-alphabetic (Not represented on WALS)
142A Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks - Logical meanings
143A Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb - NegV
143E Preverbal Negative Morphemes - NegV
143F Postverbal Negative Morphemes - None
143G Minor morphological means of signaling negation - None
144A Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb - More than one position
144B Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb - Beginning, not immed preverbal
144C Languages with different word order in negative clauses - VSO, but NegVSO/NegSVO (no examples in WALS)
144H NegSVO Order - No double neg
144T The Position of Negative Morphemes in Verb-Initial Languages - NegVSO/NegSVO (no examples in WALS)
144V Verb-Initial with Preverbal Negative - Seprate word, no double negation
144W Verb-Initial with Negative that is Immediately Postverbal or between Subject and Object - None
144X Verb-Initial with Clause-Final Negative - No clause-final neg
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