Carnian Pronouns
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The pronominal system of Carnian.
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 2 Jul 2016, 00:28.
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1. Carnian Pronouns
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Similarly to adjectives and nouns, personal pronouns decline. There are usually two forms, a stressed long form and an unstressed short form. Accusative forms also have a clitic form which combined with prepositions. 3rd person forms also distinguish all three genders.
| Case | SINGUALR | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | Reflexive | |||
| masc. | fem. | neut. | ||||
| Nominative | jys(t) | ti | won | wona | wonu | - |
| Genitive | mëne, me | tëbe, te | nega, ga | njä, jä | nega, ga | sebe, se |
| Dative | mëni, mi | tëbi, ti | nemi, mu | njej, nij, (j)i | nemi, mu | sebi, si |
| Accusative | mëne, me | tëbe, te | nega, ga, -jn | njo, jo, -jno/-njo | nega, ga, -jn | sebe, se, -se |
| Locative | mëni, men | tëbi, teb | nen | njej, nij | nen | sebi, seb |
| Instrumental | mano, man | tabo, tab | nin | njå | nin | sabo, sab |
| DUAL | ||||||
| Nominative | vä | va | wonda | wondä | wondä | - |
| Genitive | naju | vaju | niju, ju | sebe, se | ||
| Dative | nama | vama | nima, (j)ima | sebi, si | ||
| Accusative | naju, naj, -nëj | vaji, vaj, -vëj | niju, ju, -jnu/-nju | sebe, se, -se | ||
| Locative | naju | vaju | niju, iji | sebi, seb | ||
| Instrumental | nama | vama | nima | sabo, sab | ||
| PLURAL | ||||||
| Nominative | mi | vi | woni | wone | wona | - |
| Genitive | nas | vas | nih, (j)ih | sebe, se | ||
| Dative | nan | van | nin, (j)in | sebi, si | ||
| Accusative | nas, -nës | vas, -vës | nih, (j)ih, -jnä/-njä | sebe, se, -se | ||
| Locative | nas | vas | nih | sebi, seb | ||
| Instrumental | nam(i) | vam(i) | nim(i) | sabo, sab | ||
There are four demonstrative pronouns and one summative pronoun. These pronouns act like adjectives.
| Demonstrative pronouns | Summative pronouns | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | sö "this here" | tö "this" | un "that" | wov "that there" | vös "all" | ||||||||||
| SINGULAR | |||||||||||||||
| masc. | fem. | neut. | masc. | fem. | neut. | masc. | fem. | neut. | masc. | fem. | neut. | masc. | fem. | neut. | |
| Nominative | sö | sa | sü/su | tö | ta | tü/tu | un | una | unu | wov | wova | wovu | vös/vö | vsa/sa | vse/sä |
| Genitive | söga | sä | söga | tëga | tä | tëga | unga | une | unga | wovga | wove | wovga | vsëga/säga | vse/sä | vsëga/säga |
| Dative | sömi | söj | sömi | tëmi | tëj | tëmi | unmi | uni | unmi | wovmi | wovi | wovmi | vsëmi/sämi | vsëj/säj | vsëmi/sämi |
| Accusative | sö | så | sü/su | tö | tå | tü/tu | un | unå | unu | wov | wovå | wovu | vös/vö | vså/så | vse/sä |
| Locative | sön | söj | sön | ten | tëj | ten | unën | uni | unën | wovën | wovi | wovën | vsën/sän | vsäj/säj | vsën/sän |
| Instrumental | sön | så | sön | tän | tå | tän | unin | unå | unin | wovin | wovå | wovin | vsän/sän | vså/så | vsän/sän |
| DUAL | |||||||||||||||
| Nominative | sa | si | ta | ti | una | uni | wova | wovi | vsa | vsi | |||||
| Genitive | sij | tij | unej | wovej | vsej | ||||||||||
| Dative | söma | tëma | unma | wovma | vsëma | ||||||||||
| Accusative | sa | si | ta | ti | una | uni | wova | wovi | vsa | vsi | |||||
| Locative | sij | tij | unej | wovej | vsej | ||||||||||
| Instrumental | söma | tëma | unma | wovma | vsëma | ||||||||||
| PLURAL | |||||||||||||||
| Nominative | si | se | sa | ti | te | ta | uni | une | una | wovi | wove | wova | vsi/si | vse/sä | vsa/sa |
| Genitive | söh | täh | unih | wovih | vsäh/säh | ||||||||||
| Dative | sin | tin | unin | wovin | vsin/sin | ||||||||||
| Accusative | si | se | sa | ti | te | ta | uni | une | una | wovi | wove | wova | vsi/si | vse/sä | vsa/sa |
| Locative | söh | täh | unih | wovih | vsäh/säh | ||||||||||
| Instrumental | söm(i) | tëm(i) | unmi | wovmi | vsëm(i)/säm(i) | ||||||||||
| Case | Interrogative pronouns | Unspecified pronouns | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| animate | inanimate | animate | inanimate | ||
| Nominative | (g)du | ka(j) | (g)du | kej | |
| Genitive | kiga | čisa | kiga | čisa | |
| Dative | komi | čemi | komi | čemi | |
| Accusative | kiga | ka(j) | kiga | kej | |
| Locative | kon | čen | kon | čen | |
| Instrumental | kin | čin | kin | čin | |
| Relative pronouns | Relative unspecified pr. | ||||
| Nominative | (g)dur | kar | |||
| Genitive | kigar | čisar | |||
| Dative | komür | čemür | |||
| Accusative | kigar | kar | |||
| Locative | komër | čemër | |||
| Instrumental | kimër | čimër | |||
| Indefinite pronouns | Negative pronouns | ||||
| Nominative | (n)an(g)du | (n)ankej | (n)an(h)če | näč | |
| Genitive | (n)ankiga | (n)ančisa | (n)ankigar | (n)ančisar | |
| Dative | (n)ankomi | (n)ančemi | (n)ankomür | (n)ančemür | |
| Accusative | (n)ankiga | (n)ankej | (n)ankigar | näč | |
| Locative | (n)ankon | (n)ančen | (n)ankomër | (n)ančemër | |
| Instrumental | (n)ankin | (n)ančin | (n)ankimër | (n)ančimër | |
| Total pronouns | |||||
| Nominative | vsagdu/sägdu | vse/sä | |||
| Genitive | vsakigar/säkigar | vsëga/säga | |||
| Dative | vsakomür/säkomür | vsëmi/sämi | |||
| Accusative | vsakigar/säkigar | vse/sä | |||
| Locative | vsakomër/säkomër | vsën/sän | |||
| Instrumental | vsakimër/säkimër | vsän/sän | |||
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