Lesson #1 - Ta Amaohu, Pronunciation, Punctuation
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Lesson about sounds and writing in Naregan
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 10 Mar 2021, 10:11.
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Welcome to your first lesson of Naregan (た コだu トa ナれか Ta Kōlau tōa Nāreka, or simply た コだu Ta Kōlau).
In this lesson we will learn the sounds of Ta Kōlau and the Naregan Alphabet, which actually is an abugida, also called た aまoふ Ta Amaohu.
Ta Kōlau is the official language of the Naregan Islands, along with
Naregan Creole, an Ediferian creole. It is also spoken in some other islands of the [TBD] ocean. It has four varieties, which take their name from the zone where they are spoken: た コだu トa jた つざㅝ Ta Kōlau tōa Ta Tufawo, the official Naregan spoken in the capital of the country Ta Tufawo, in the northern part of the island of 위ろ Ngwiro and in many other islands; た コだu トa oゾきぬ Ta Kōlau tōa Ofōkinu, spoken in the southern part of the island of 위ろ Ngwiro; た コだu トa ㅏふ Ta Kōlau tōa Wāhu, spoken in Wāhu; and た コだu トa ㅠみ Ta Kōlau tōa Yumi, spoken in Yumi. The differences between them are mostly phonetical. Only the Yumi dialect can vary also lexically.Naregan has an inventory of 12 consonants and 5 pure vowels. Moreover, it has also 5 long vowels and 2 semivowels, which, when combined with pure and long vowels, make the 16 semipure vowels.
Romanizations include the following consonants:
m is pronounced [m] as in the English word mother
n is pronounced [n] as in the English word nose
ng is pronounced [ŋ] as in the English word king
p is pronounced [p] as in the English word pack, but without aspiration
t is pronounced [t] as in the English word take, but without aspiration
k is pronounced [k] as in the English word cake, but without aspiration
f is pronounced [f] as in the English word face
s is pronounced [s] as in the English word sail
h is pronounced [h] as in the English word home
- Except for Ta Tufawo variant, when followed by a long, a semipure or a semipure long vowel it is geminated, and then pronounced [h:]
l is pronounced [l] as in the English word lettuce
r is pronounced [r] as in the Italian word rosso (red)
j is pronounced [t͡ʃ] as in the English word cheese
- In Ta Tufawo variant, it is pronounced [d͡ʒ] as in the English word jump when between two vowels
Pure vowels include:
a is pronounced [ä] as in the Spanish word alrededor (around)
e is pronounced [e] as in the Italian word emanare (emanate)
u is pronounced [u] as in the English word boot
i is pronounced [i] as in the English word beat
o is pronounced [o] as in the French word eau (water)
Semivowels include:
w is pronounced [w] as in the English word work
y is pronounced [j] as in the English word yacht
Moreover, there are 5 long vowels: ā [a:]1, ē [e:], ū [u:], ī [i:], ō [o:].
1. Can be also pronounced [ɐ:] in some dialects.
In addition to pure and long vowels, also semipure and semipure long vowels exist, which are made of a combination of a semivowel and a pure or a long vowel.
Semipure vowels: wa, we, wi, wo, ya, ye, yu, yo
Semipure long vowels: wā, wē, wī, wō, yā, yē, yū,yō
As stated before, Ta Amaohu is an abugida. An abugida is a writing system in which each symbol corresponds to a syllable (Consonant-Vowel) as a unit, which is based on a consonant and vowels are secundary and added by some sort of modification on the original symbol. Each character has an intrinsec vowel (in Ta Amaohu is a), which can be modified through other symbols.
Main characters in Ta Kōlau are:
ま which represents ma
な which represents na
が which represents nga
ぱ which represents pa
た which represents ta
か which represents ka
ざ which represents fa
さ which represents sa
は which represents ha
だ which represents la
ら which represents ra
ば which represents ja
a which represents a1
1. This symbol represents the absence of consonant sound, but it is represented as a circle for all of the other consonants. For reference, look at the characters table.
Other pure vowels are represented as the following (we will always use ま as the base for simplicity):
Adding a slanting line from up-right to down-left under the character, as in め represents the change of the vowel a with an e (me)
Adding a horizontal line over the character, as in む represents the change of the vowel a with an u (mu)
Adding a horizontal line under the character, as in み represents the change of the vowel a with an i (mi)
Adding a ſ shape around the character, as in も represents the change of the vowel a with an o (mo)
Long vowels are represented adding a small symbol either before the character or under it (for -ō only):
マメムミモ
As for semipure and semipure long vowels, the symbols are a bit different:
w is represented adding a horizontal line in the superior part of the character
y is represented adding a horizontal line in the inferior part of the character
a is represented adding a slanting line from down-right to up-left position over the character as in 뫄 (mwa) or 먀 (mya)
u is represented adding a slanting line from down-left to up-right position over the character as in 뮤 (myu)
i is represented adding a slanting line from up-left to down-right position under the character as in 뮈 (mwi)
The other vowels are represented as their pure counterparts.
Moreover, the symbol of aポら exists, which represents the absence of vowel sound. It can not be combined with the symbol of the absence of consonant sound.
Ex: m (m, or also m')
For any doubt, here is a chart showing all of the possible combinations:
Ta Kōlau also uses some different punctuation marks. Here are them most used:
ま ま is used to divide a word from the other, like the English space [ ]does
, is used to divide two sentences which are strictly correlated, just like the English comma [,]
. is used to end a sentence or a group of sentence or to divide it from another which is not necessarily correlated, just like the English full stop (period) [.]
! is used to mark an exclamation or a strong assertion, or also high volume when speaking. It is like the English exclamation mark [!]
? is used to mark a question, like the English question mark [?]
: is used to introduce an explanation, a list, a quotation etc. It is used somewhat like the English colon [:]
... is used to indicate an intentional omission of a word, sentence or a whole piece of text. It is like the English ellipsis [...]
(マ) is a pair of symbols used like the English parentheses (round brackets) [( )].
«マ» is a pair of symbols used to introduce direct speech or a quotation, like the English quotation mark [“ ”].
; (emphasis mark) is a symbol used to emphasize a word or a phrase in a sentence or a sentence in a group of sentences or in a text.
And this is the end of our lesson.
뉴こu e は과こめ さめ! Stay healthy! Bye bye!
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