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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 24 Aug 2018, 15:27.

[comments] kicaspect Kirtsana (6 articles)

[Public] ? ?

1. Aspects and Conjugation ? ?

2. Lesson #1 ? ?

3. Lesson #2 ? ?

4. List of roots ? ?

5. Moods ? ?

6. Pronoun ? ?

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Menu 1. Perfect 2. Imperfect 3. Prospective Kilchana is a tenseless language. That means tense are not marked on the verbs. However, aspects are marked through clitics and vowel changes. Different subaspects under the same main aspect may not be readable in text because they only differ in vowels while Kilchana is written in an abjad system.
There are three main aspects, namely perfect, imperfect and prospective. In verbal expression, they are equivalent to past tense, present tense and future tense also contain various functions.

[edit] [top]Perfect

Perfect sometimes functions like past tense in English. It is the base form of other main aspects because they are formed by adding clitics on perfect verbs.

Completive: I have eaten an apple. I just ate an apple.

Person	Singular		Dual		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
First	pānum pānum	pānumta pānumta	pānumt pānumt		panūmim panūmim
Second	pabnum pabnum		pabnumt pabnumt		pabnumim pabnumim
Third	panam panam	apnam apnām	panamit panamit	apnāmit apnāmit	panamim panamim

Gnomic: An lion eats meat. (general truths)

Person	Singular		Dual		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
First	pānim pānim	pānimta pānimta	pānimt pānimt		panīmim panīmim
Second	pabnim pabnim		pabnimt pabnimt		pabnimim pabnimim
Third	panum panum	apnūm apnūm	panumit panumit	apnūmit apnūmit	panumim panumim

[edit] [top]Imperfect

Imperfect sometimes functions like present tense and continue aspect in English.

Continuous: 'I am eating an apple', 'I was eating an apple' (also static: I know.)

Person	Singular		Dual		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
First	etpānum etpānum	etpānumta etpānumta	etpānumt etpānumt		etpanūmim etpanūmim
Second	etpabnum etpabnum		etpabnumt etpabnumt		etpabnumim etpabnumim
Third	etpanam etpanam	tapnam tapnām	etpanamit etpanamit	tapnāmit tapnāmit	etpanamim etpanamim

Habitual: 'I used to eat apples', 'I would eat an apple every day', 'I eat an apple every day

Person	Singular		Dual		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
First	etpānam etpānam	etpānamta etpānamta	etpānamt etpānamt		etpanāmim etpanāmim
Second	etpabnam etpabnam		etpabnamt etpabnamt		etpabnamim etpabnamim
Third	etpinam etpinam	tipnam tipnām	etpinamit etpinamit	tipnāmit tipnāmit	etpinamim etpinamim

[edit] [top]Prospective

Prospective sometimes functions like future tense in English.
Prospective: 'I am going to eat the apple', 'I was about to eat the apple'

Person	Singular		Dual		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
First	jipānum jipānum	jipānumta jipānumta	jipānumt jipānumt		jipanūmim jipanūmim
Second	jipabnum jipabnum		jipabnumt jipabnumt		jipabnumim jipabnumim
Third	jipanam jipanam	japnam japnām	jipanamit jipanamit	japnāmit japnāmit	jipanamim jipanamim

Hypothetical: It is not technically an aspect, but it is treated as a subaspect under prospective aspect. Hypothetical aspect indicates an action that will potentially take place. It is frequently used in conditional sentences. 'I will eat an apple (if I buy an apple), I would eat the apple (if it was not bad)', 'I would have eaten an apple (if I have bought an apple)'

Person	Singular		Dual		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
First	jipīnam jipīnam	jipīnamta jipīnamta	jipīnamt jipīnamt		jipanāmim jipanāmim
Second	jipibnam jipibnam		jipibnamt jipibnamt		jipibnamim jipibnamim
Third	jipinam jipinam	japnam jipnām	jipanamit jipanamit	jipnāmit jipnāmit	jipinamim jipinamim

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