An Elementary Linguistics of the Ghisi language
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[comments] ghisighis By Thanyugore Ren'Xoren
The Ghisi language was historically written in its native runes with only the first sound of each letter, and the rest of the sound was to be memorized so that only worthy masters of the language could pronounce the language in its full beauty. However, when trading begun with the outsiders Ghisi came to be written in the modern alphabet which led to widespread literacy amongst commoners.
In the original runes, Ghisi would be written as such: "Ghs." Thus the original name of our lands as "the Ghs Kingdom." The mighty king Vasdevnya would be written in his time as: "Vsdvny." The name of this humble author would be written as: "Thnygr Rn'Xrn." While an outsider or a commoner would struggle to read the pronunciation, a master of Ghisi would have no difficulty. Masters of Ghisi could also through listening easily distinguish between the tongue-twisted commoner and the learned scholar.
This book will focus on the Ghisi language as traditionally written, and will not dwell on the vulgar Ghisi as commonly spoken.
Ghisi features a small series of possible characters:
Consonants, or sitimen ("strike"): k, kh (like 'c' in 'cat'), g, gh (like 'g' followed by a sigh), ny (like 'nigh' in 'night'), ch (as in 'change'), j (like 'j' in 'jump'), t, th (like 'th' in 'the'), d, p, b, m, r (traditionally not rolled), l, v, s, and x (either like 'cl' in 'clear' or 'ks').
Vowels, or lalumen ("voice"): a (like 'a' in 'alone'), i (like 'e' in 'emotion'), u (like 'oo' in 'book'), e (like 'e' in 'bed'), and o (like 'ou' in 'soul').
Here are all the possible characters in written Ghisi:
ka, ki, ku, ke, ko, k
kha, khi, khu, khe, kho, kh
ga, gi, gu, ge, go, g
gha, ghi, ghu, ghe, gho, gh
nya, nyi, nyu, nye, nyo, ny
cha, chi, chu, che, cho, ch
ja, ji, ju, je, jo, j
ta, ti, tu, te, to, t
tha, thi, thu, the, tho, th
da, di, du, de, do, d
pa, pi, pu, pe, po, p
ba, bi, bu, be, bo, b
ma, mi, mu, me, mo, m
ra, ri, ru, re, ro, r
la, li, lu, le, lo, l
va, vi, vu, ve, vo, v
sa, si, su, se, so, s
xa, xi, xu, xe, xo, x
a, i, u, e, o
The Ghisi language has the following pronouns, with the plural being the simple addition of -mi:
I: Anya
You: Ata
He, she, it: Da, Daren, Darek
We: Anyami
You, plural: Atami
They, female they, it they: Dami, Darenmi, Darekmi
The possessive can be shown by the simple addition of -sa:
Mine: Anyasa
Yours: Atasa
His, hers, its: Dasa, Darensa, Dareksa
Ours: Anyamisa
Yours, plural: Atamisa
Theirs, female theirs, its: Damisa, Darenmisa, Darekmisa
Ki lalumen? Anyasa-- whose voice? Mine.
Ki sitimen? Damisa-- whose strike? Theirs.
Add the case to make the possessive a determiner, agreeing with the noun:
Anyasaen antaen-- My mother.
Darensai antaei-- of her mother.
Anyamisamom antamom-- with our mother.
Darenmisamem antamem-- by or around their mother.
The possessive may be used to show your property, but this is considered offensive when referring to others. You may speak of "ksapisaen," a horse possessed by you, but referring to your wife as "khathisaen" is considered abhorent and vulgar.
The Ghisi language uses cases, a way of marking words, and each case is made quite predictably. The Ghisi language once had a complex system of distinguishing genders as it does in the pronouns, but these have become obscure.
The following examples use the Ghisi word for mother, "anta."
The ordinary nominative: -en, antaen
The direct accusative: -e, antae
The possessive genitive: -i, antaei
The recipient dative: -ny, antan
The standing ablative: -s, antas
The useful instrumental: -mom, antamom
The nearby locative: -mem, antamem
Unlike pronouns, the plural of ordinary nouns is formed by the addition of -ka. As with pronouns, this occurs before the case:
Anyamisa lalukamom-- with our voices.
Damisa sitikamem-- by or around their strikes.
The verbs likewise, also follow a predictable pattern. Here is the infinitive verb to sit, "upavisata."
1st person: -ma, upavisatma
2nd person: -sa, upavisatsa
3rd person: -va, upavisatva
1st person, plural: -mi, upavisatmi
2nd person, plural: -si, upavisatsi
3rd person, plural: -vi, upavisatvi
The concept of Being in the Ghisi language is of an extremely political nature, and many scholars have dissented from the traditional expressions in our language. There are many ways to express something is. One may express membership to show what something is:
Anya pujghali-- I, of warriors.
Darenmi ghitliei-- they, of kings.
One may express location to show where something is:
Anya pujghalmem-- I am by the warriors.
Darenmi antamem-- They are by the mothers.
One may also express Being using the ancient verb "kamu," but this verb has many meanings impossible to exhaustively list, and must be used sparingly and cautiously. The Ghisi people look down on inappropriate expressions of Being, which is of great meaning to our culture:
Anya kamuma-- "I am becoming myself, as by my nature."
Ata kamusa-- "You are what you are, by nature."
Daren kamuva-- "She gives birth."
Anyami kamumi-- "We, once many, are becoming one."
Dami kamuvi-- "They are arising."
So to say, "The mother of the mother sat by her mother," one may write:
Anytaei anytaen upavisatva darensa anytamem.
Finally, here are the first basic digits of the Ghisi language. Sometimes, the letters are used to denote the number:
1. Any
2. At
3. Da
4. Cha
5. Paj
6. Sam
7. Vas
8. Amat
9. Nama
10. Anka
15. Anka-paj
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