Plurals
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number toggling
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 27 Dec 2018, 16:14.
[comments] arianish,plurals,grammar,numbertoggling,zkq
2. Arianish Gramuary
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3. List of signs
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5. Pictograms
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Plurals in 
Arianish require an understanding of mutations, vowel harmony, and number toggling. Arianish has singular, dual, and plural forms. The basic unmarked form can be interpreted as singular, dual, or plural depending on the noun in question [this is called number toggling]; some words default as plural, others as singular or dual:
wowa - fishes [plural]
lyoṇa - feet [dual]
When working with "toggled" forms, the rules for plurals are a bit different.
Let's start with the noun qobe "person," a simple noun that has a basic singular form.
• Qobe – person [singular]
• Qobė̇kạ – two people [dual]. The "plural/dual" suffix -kạ is added. The a in this suffix causes a chain reaction that makes the preceding e have a falling tone.
• Qodyokạ - a group of people, more than two [plural]. In forming the plural, the b mutates to d. The e changes to o thanks to the presence of the plural marker -y...kạ. b+y causes b to mutate to d.
Here is an example with wowa “fishes,” a word that defaults to plural:
• Wowa – fishes
• Wowė̇kạ – two fish
• Wovyokạ – one fish. Here, the w mutates to v thanks to the presence of the plural marker.
With these two examples, the consonants b and w can mutate, so they do – this is what creates their third form. But what about words that do not have a consonant that can mutate? In the next example, we’ll see how it works:
In words that default to dual, the “dual” form is actually the plural form:
• Lyoṇa – two feet [dual]
• Lyoṇė̇kạ̣ – more than two feet [plural]
• Lyoṇyokạ – one foot; simply add the "plural" marker -y...kạ [singular]
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