Neapolitan vs Tuscan - differences
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User] on 4 Feb 2024, 23:16.
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- Neapolitan uses tené instead of avere when expressing possession and stà instead of essere when talking about location.
- Neapolitan has metaphony as a means of expressing grammatical information, such as number, gender and person.
- There's the -ve ending in 2nd person plural, which is absent from Tuscan dialects and thus Standard Italian.
- The remote past became mostly regularized in Neapolitan, but it is highly irregular in Tuscan and Standard Italian. However, it's being increasingly substituted by a periphrasis with avere + past participle in both languages.
- There's vowel reduction in Neapolitan, absent from Tuscan. Old Neapolitan /o/ becomes /u/ in instressed syllables, for example. Final unstressed vowels tend to be reduced to a simple schwa or be deleted altogether, thus erasing gender and number distinction in most words. Then Modern Neapolitan has to rely on metaphony.
- There's a neuter gender in Neapolitan, absent from Tuscan.
- md > mm, nd > nn and rhotacism of D and sometimes L are what distinguish Neapolitan from Tuscan. Also, there's the voicing of unvoiced stops /p/ /t/ /k/ after nasals and between two vowels.
- The article for plural nouns have become a simple 'e before consonants and ll' before vowels. In Old Neapolitan, li was the article used for the masculine plural and le for feminine plural.
- The use of possessive suffixes with family members instead of normal possessives only in Neapolitan.
- The use of BBUON instead of BENE meaning 'well'.
- 'e or d' as a reduced version of the preposition de. This doesn't happen in Tuscan.
- The use of the imperfect subjunctive instead of the regular conditional, unlike Tuscan.
- s > ʃ before /p/ /t/ /k/.
- The deletion of -re in infinitives when that syllable is stressed. It happens both in Tuscan and Neapolitan.
- Future tense being replaced by present tense.
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