Arakene (Hykidik Variety) [VJO]
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Typology
Functional
762 words
[view flag info] Arakene (Hykidik Variety)
Lêman Vjóssa [lɛ̂man βʲôsa]
[view flag info] Arakene (Hykidik Variety)
Lêman Vjóssa [lɛ̂man βʲôsa]
Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 2 January 2024
Language type
A priori
Place & SpeakersArakene (Hykidik Variety) is spoken by a population of around 1,800,000 in Arako.
Species
Human/humanoid
About Arakene (Hykidik Variety)
Arakene is the national language of the island Arako. It has many wildly varying regional variants, but the Hykidik variety of the southeast has the most speakers.
Word order: SOV. Adverbs and question words are topicalized.
Morphology: Agglutinative and highly regular. There are very few function words, aside from clause-initial particles.
Cases: 28 (pro)nominal cases. Temporal and locative cases are separate.
Deixis: Nouns and third person pronouns marked as present or not present.
Phonology: Palatalized and labialized stops. Vowels have a pitch accent
Word order: SOV. Adverbs and question words are topicalized.
Morphology: Agglutinative and highly regular. There are very few function words, aside from clause-initial particles.
Cases: 28 (pro)nominal cases. Temporal and locative cases are separate.
Deixis: Nouns and third person pronouns marked as present or not present.
Phonology: Palatalized and labialized stops. Vowels have a pitch accent
Sample of Arakene (Hykidik Variety)[view] Madvinés imetá sịsa dí. Ịm kèwomáve?
There is a lot of water in my body. Do you want to drink it?[view all texts]
There is a lot of water in my body. Do you want to drink it?[view all texts]
Language family relationships
Language treePan-Arakene
⤷
Proto-Arakene
⤷ Nag
⤷ Steppe-Arakene
⤷
Arakene (Hykidik Variety)
⤷
Proto-Arakene⤷ Nag
⤷ Steppe-Arakene
⤷
Arakene (Hykidik Variety)[view] About Pan-ArakeneThe language family endemic to Arako. Heavily influenced by pre-Arakene Varkjan languages.
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Alveolar | Alveolo- palatal | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Glottal | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||||||||||
| Plosive | t tʷ | d dʷ | c | ɟ | k kʷ kʲ | g gʷ gʲ | ||||||||
| Fricative | [ɸ]1 | β βʲ | s | [z]2 | [ɕ]3 | [ʑ]4 | h | |||||||
| Affricate | t͡s | d͡z | t͡ɕ | [d͡ʑ]5 | ||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | |||||||||||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||||||||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||||||||||
| Blends | dβ | kɸ | ɟβ | gz | st | ks | tɸ | sk | gβ | cɸ |
- allophone of /β/
- allophone of /s/
- allophone of /c/
- Allophone of /c/ and /ɟ/ in coda. , allophone of /c/
- allophone of /t͡ɕ/
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
| Close | i [î] [í] | ɨ [ɨ̂] [ɨ́] | u [ú] | |||
| Close-mid | e [ê] [é] | o [ô] [ó] | ||||
| Open-mid | ɛ [ɛ̂] [ɛ́] | |||||
| Open | a [â] [á] | |||||
| Polyphthongs | oi̯ oî̯ | ao̯ aô̯ | ai̯ aî̯ | au̯ aû̯ | ae̯ aê̯ | ei̯ eî̯ |
Syllable StructureArakene has a syllable structure of C(C)VC.
Though clusters in the onset are technically allowed, the number of clusters that actually occur are very limited; these are /tɸ/, /dβ/, /cɸ/, /ɟβ/. /kɸ/, /gβ/, /st/, /sk/, /ks/, and /gz/.
Most phonemes are allowed in coda position, with the exception of affricates, palatal consonants (/c/ and /ɟ/ become /ʑ/) and palatalized or labialized consonants.
Though clusters in the onset are technically allowed, the number of clusters that actually occur are very limited; these are /tɸ/, /dβ/, /cɸ/, /ɟβ/. /kɸ/, /gβ/, /st/, /sk/, /ks/, and /gz/.
Most phonemes are allowed in coda position, with the exception of affricates, palatal consonants (/c/ and /ɟ/ become /ʑ/) and palatalized or labialized consonants.
Stress informationArakene has a pitch accent. Accented syllables can be either high (historically short), marked with a dot underneath the letter, or falling (historically long), marked with an acute accent. The type of accent affect the intonation of the entire word, which is sometimes more noticeable than the pitch of the accented syllable.
If a falling accent is inserted after a word, the earlier accent is dropped. With verbs, the opposite happens; the suffix marking usually has a falling accent, except if the stem has an inherent falling accent.
If a falling accent is inserted after a word, the earlier accent is dropped. With verbs, the opposite happens; the suffix marking usually has a falling accent, except if the stem has an inherent falling accent.
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Arakene (Hykidik Variety). This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
| Arakene (Hykidik Variety)Orthography [edit] | |||||||||||
| a a /a/ | á á [â] | ạ ạ [á] | m m /m/ | o o /o/ | ó ó [ô] | ọ ọ [ó] | k k /k/ | g g /g/ | l l /l/ | n n /n/ | è è /ɛ/ |
| ê ê [ɛ̂] | ệ ẹ̀ [ɛ́] | w w /w/ | y y /ɨ/ | ý ý [ɨ̂] | ỵ ỵ [ɨ́] | j j /j/ | t t /t/ | e e /e/ | é é [ê] | ẹ ẹ [é] | i i /i/ |
| í í [î] | ị ị [í] | h h /h/ | v v /β/, [ɸ] | r r /ɾ/ | s s /s/, [z] | q q /c/, [ɕ], [ʑ]1 | d d /d/ | u u /u/ | ụ ụ [ú] | ||
| ✔ Shown in correct order [change] | |||||||||||
- Allophone of /c/ and /ɟ/ in coda.
Additional NotesWritten top-to-bottom, left-to-right.
dq - ɟ
qs - c͡ɕ
ds - d͡z
nj - ɲ
Cj - Cʲ
Cw - Cʷ
Vj - Vi̯
dq - ɟ
qs - c͡ɕ
ds - d͡z
nj - ɲ
Cj - Cʲ
Cw - Cʷ
Vj - Vi̯
Latest 8 related articles listed below.
(Pro)nominal Cases
Overview of noun cases in Arakene
11-Apr-24 13:04Subject Agreement
Verbal inflection
28-Mar-24 10:35Number on nouns
The different ways to encode number on nouns
28-Mar-24 09:52Arakene imperatives
The difference between the verbal prefixes lo-, qu-, and nji...
28-Mar-24 09:52Accentuation
Pitch accent in Arakene
28-Mar-24 09:48Relative clauses
The two different ways to form relative clauses.
25-Mar-24 16:50Lessons (1)
