[OC] Chungganese: Verb Morphology
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In Chungganese, verb is king!
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 17 Apr 2020, 04:48.
[comments] sdtgrammarverbs
1. [OC] Qebi Caire
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
Verb morphology in Chungganese is very complex, with lots of various stems that can be added to convey meaning.
Right stems refer to stems added to the right of a verb root. This encompasses most of the tenses, and all of the markers denoting person.
| Person | Stem |
|---|---|
| 1SFirst person singular (person) speaker, signer, etc.; I | -i |
| 1PFirst person plural (person) we (inclusive or exclusive).INCLInclusive (person) speaker and listener | -es |
| 1PFirst person plural (person) we (inclusive or exclusive).EXCLExclusive (person) speaker's group, not listener | -is |
| 2SSecond person singular (person) addressee (you) | -u |
| 2PSecond person plural (person) addressee (plural) | -as |
| 3SThird person singular (person) neither speaker nor addressee | -e |
| 3SThird person singular (person) neither speaker nor addressee.MASCMasculine (gender) masculine or male | -il |
| 3SThird person singular (person) neither speaker nor addressee.FEMFeminine (gender) feminine or female | -a |
| 3PThird person plural (person) neither speaker nor addressee, they/them | -o |
Here are some examples to be guided further:
Teni -> I have
Conlades -> We consider
Nodu -> You watch
Also take note that the person stems can stack up! If the first stem refers to the subject of the sentence, the second stem refers to the direct object of the sentence! Sometimes, a third stem is used to denote the indirect object of the sentence. Watch.
Amiu -> I love you
Tenile -> He has it
Beriue -> I gave it to you
Now, for the tense and a little bit of aspect. There are three right stems indicating tense and/or aspect, and just like the person stems, these can stack up to encode more complex aspects.
| Tense/Aspect | Stem |
|---|---|
| PASTPast tense (tense) action occurred before moment of speech | -d |
| FUTFuture (tense) action occurring after the moment of speech | -r |
| PROGProgressive (aspect) be verb-ing | -n |
At this point in time, it is important to acknowledge the three types of conjugations. The infinitive of the verb (ending in some vowel and the letter -r) is important to know which vowel to add before affixing the three stems.
To conjugate -ar verbs, first remove the -ar, then add the vowel -a, regardless of the stem to add.
To conjugate -er and -ir verbs, first remove -er or -ir, then add the vowel -e for progressive, -i for past and future.
To conjugate -or verbs, first remove the -or, then add the vowel -o for progressive, -u for past and future.
To conjugate -ur verbs, first remove the -ur, then add the vowel -u, regardless of the stem to add.
Here are some examples.
Mamadie -> I found it
Paradiu -> I stopped you
Punudae -> She filled it up
Camanadi -> I was walking
AND OF COURSE THERE ARE IRREGULARITIES! Famous verbs violating the rules of tense and aspect include, tener, ser, ser (no joke, there are two ser verbs in Chungganese), segir, and some more. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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