Classical Erávahal [CLERV]
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Typology
Functional
1,725 words
[view flag info] Classical Erávahal
na c'é Erávahal [nɐ ke: ɨˈɾä:vähäl]
[view flag info] Classical Erávahal
na c'é Erávahal [nɐ ke: ɨˈɾä:vähäl]
Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 7 January 2024
Language type
A priori
Place & SpeakersClassical Erávahal is spoken by a population of around 12,000 in Erával.
Species
Human/humanoid
About Classical Erávahal
Erávahal is a fusional VSO* a priori conlang based primarily on Irish Gaelic and Ancient Greek, featuring:
-Phonemic palatalisation & vowel length
-Partial abjad writing system
-3 grammatical genders (m., f., n.)
-3 grammatical numbers (sg., pau., plu.)
-Conditionals which revel in other's pain
-Quadripartite morphosyntactic alignment (nominative-accusative, but with separate set of cases & word order for passive sentences & some intransitive verbs)
*SVO in some conditional clauses
Agasté, margaïár, vas a na c'hes gáheláes Erávahïeláes!
0slhvr_slhg_shqc_n__sv_rgrm_tsg1
greetings | visit-AGZAgentive nominaliser (derivational)
teach-er, writ-er, etc-ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity | ILLIllative (case)
'into' FORFormal (respect/formality)
for formal situations DEFDefinite
"the".LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.FFeminine gender (gender)
feminine or female language-LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity Erávahal-ADJAdjectival
syntactic-LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.FFeminine gender (gender)
feminine or female ɐɣäˈste: mäɾɣäˈjä:ɾ väs ɐ nɐ cɨ̥s ɣä:xeˌlä:js ɨɾä:väçeˈlä:js
teach-er, writ-er, etc-ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity | ILLIllative (case)
'into' FORFormal (respect/formality)
for formal situations DEFDefinite
"the".LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.FFeminine gender (gender)
feminine or female language-LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity Erávahal-ADJAdjectival
syntactic-LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.FFeminine gender (gender)
feminine or female ɐɣäˈste: mäɾɣäˈjä:ɾ väs ɐ nɐ cɨ̥s ɣä:xeˌlä:js ɨɾä:väçeˈlä:js
Erávahal is a fusional VSO* a priori conlang based primarily on Irish Gaelic and Ancient Greek, featuring:
-Phonemic palatalisation & vowel length
-Partial abjad writing system
-3 grammatical genders (m., f., n.)
-3 grammatical numbers (sg., pau., plu.)
-Conditionals which revel in other's pain
-Quadripartite morphosyntactic alignment (nominative-accusative, but with separate set of cases & word order for passive sentences & some intransitive verbs)
*SVO in some conditional clauses
Sample of Classical Erávahal[view] N'ó ovóm péus vas na c'has Aocáhas,
/ Ómusta na c'tia háeluadh orús.
/ Hausta na c'u catróna orús.
/ Óusta vas na c'hos ohúnaotháos na c'tia ármegatea i vas na c'has Aocáhas.
/ Vacúméa vas hos rúvoláos na sïé fúreïs rgies péus pés;
/ Hú vaianaméa ón tá hármasa péus péus hú tena uanávímíner marérgáras péus h&a...[view all texts]
Language family relationships
Language treeArvalic
⤷ Proto-Arvalic
⤷ Ervalic
⤷ Classical Erávahal
⤷ Proto-Arvalic
⤷ Ervalic
⤷ Classical Erávahal
Phonology
Consonants | Bilabial | Labio- dental | Dental | Alveolar | Alveolo- palatal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||
Nasal | m mʲ | n nʲ | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||||||||
Plosive | p pʲ | b bʲ | t tʲ | d dʲ | c | ɟ | k | g | ||||||||
Fricative | f fʲ | v vʲ | θ θʲ | ð ðʲ | s | ɕ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | h | |||||
Lateral approximant | l lʲ | |||||||||||||||
Approximant | j | |||||||||||||||
Flap | ɾ ɾʲ |
Vowels | Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | |||||
Close | i i: | y y: | ɨ ɨ̥ | ʉ ʉ̥ | ɯ ɯ: | u u: | ||||
Near-close | ɪ ɪ: | ʊ ʊ: | ||||||||
Close-mid | e e: | ø ø: | ɤ ɤ: | o o: | ||||||
Mid | [ə]1 | |||||||||
Open-mid | ɛ ɛ: | ɔ ɔ: | ||||||||
Near-open | ɐ ɐ̥ | |||||||||
Open | ä ä: |
- allophone of /ɐ/
Syllable StructureClassical Erávahal has a C{l,r}VVC syllable structure. On occasion a word may end with the clusters ⟨ndh⟩, ⟨nth⟩, ⟨rdh⟩, or ⟨rth⟩, though this almost exclusively occurs in patronymics.
Stress informationSpeech is organized into stress patterns. These consist of a core word, which is either an 'independent' verb (not gerund, participle, or supine) or a nom., acc., or dat. noun or pronoun. Adjectives, adverbs, articles, particles, determiners, adpositions, and instr., loc., and gen. nouns that modify a core word are subordinate words and part of its stress pattern. For the purposes of stress, a stress pattern is considered a single word, and its constituent words are often subject to liaison, apocope, and other phonetic changes depending on dialect. Subordinate instr., loc., and gen. nouns and 1st/2nd person pronouns do not receive primary stress, and instead have their own subordinate patterns which follow the same rules as other patterns, but receive secondary stress. Otherwise, secondary stress does not occur.
Stress occurs on the ultimate long vowel (which for these purposes only includes vowels marked with an acute: even though ⟨au⟩ is pronounced /ɔ:/, it is not considered long, while ⟨aú⟩ is) or on the ultimate non- reduced syllable (reduced syllables typically occur on word-final or initial short vowels) if there are no long vowels in a word. As such, stress typically falls on a word's inflectional ending.
cont'd in Other
Stress occurs on the ultimate long vowel (which for these purposes only includes vowels marked with an acute: even though ⟨au⟩ is pronounced /ɔ:/, it is not considered long, while ⟨aú⟩ is) or on the ultimate non- reduced syllable (reduced syllables typically occur on word-final or initial short vowels) if there are no long vowels in a word. As such, stress typically falls on a word's inflectional ending.
cont'd in Other
OtherStress may not occur on voiceless vowels, which are short vowels between two voiceless consonants. Definite articles, particles such as ⟨na⟩, ⟨ve⟩ or ⟨á h'⟩ and adpositions, as well as genitive and locative 3rd person pronouns, instrumental 3rd person pronouns which are modifying a noun, and the prefixes ⟨ér-⟩, ⟨ham-⟩, ⟨ó-⟩, and ⟨u-⟩ are only stressed if:
1) they contain a long vowel
2) the word they modify does not contain a long vowel
OR
1) they contain a non-voiceless vowel
2) the word they modify does not contain a non-voiceless vowel.
Several irregular words exist, and are listed below:
-the neuter forms of the proximity demonstratives ⟨hóa⟩, ⟨sóa⟩, ⟨vóa⟩, which have stress on the final ⟨a⟩.
-the superlatives, sublatives, and comparatives of adjectives, which maintain their original stress location even if it is expected to change.
-the irregular -ar ending verbs, which always have stress on the first syllable of their inflectional ending, with the exception of the second principal part of ⟨óniar⟩ and third principal part of ⟨fúglar⟩ and any forms derived from them, as these forms are taken from other verbs.
-⟨vena⟩, ⟨vasa⟩, and ⟨vógla⟩, which all have ultimate stress in all inflections and compound words.
1) they contain a long vowel
2) the word they modify does not contain a long vowel
OR
1) they contain a non-voiceless vowel
2) the word they modify does not contain a non-voiceless vowel.
Several irregular words exist, and are listed below:
-the neuter forms of the proximity demonstratives ⟨hóa⟩, ⟨sóa⟩, ⟨vóa⟩, which have stress on the final ⟨a⟩.
-the superlatives, sublatives, and comparatives of adjectives, which maintain their original stress location even if it is expected to change.
-the irregular -ar ending verbs, which always have stress on the first syllable of their inflectional ending, with the exception of the second principal part of ⟨óniar⟩ and third principal part of ⟨fúglar⟩ and any forms derived from them, as these forms are taken from other verbs.
-⟨vena⟩, ⟨vasa⟩, and ⟨vógla⟩, which all have ultimate stress in all inflections and compound words.
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Classical Erávahal. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
Classical ErávahalOrthography [edit] | ||||||||
0q1 i iem /i/ | 0q1 í ím /i:/ | 0r1 r rém /ɾ/ | 0l1 l lém /l/ | 0s1 s sém /s/ | 0q1 e aem /e/ | 0q1 é ém /e:/ | 0t1 t tian /t/ | 0d1 dh dhian /ð/ |
0x1 th thian /θ/ | 0n1 n nian /n/ | 0q1 a an /ä/ | 0q1 á án /ä:/ | 0c1 c cuan /k/ | 0g1 g guan /ɣ/ | 0h1 h huan /x/ | 0q1 o aom /o/ | 0q1 ó óm /o:/ |
0q1 u uom /u/ | 0q1 ú úm /u:/ | 0p1 p póm /p/ | 0v1 v vóm /v/ | 0f1 f fóm /f/ | 0m1 m móm /m/ | 0q1 ' ioialo // | ||
✔ Shown in correct order [change] |
Latest 8 related articles listed below.
Classical Erávahal Compound Words and Affixes 22-Oct-24 20:05
Classical Erávahal Indirect Sentences 10-Oct-24 00:53
Classical Erávahal Conditional Clauses 09-Oct-24 19:47
Classical Erávahal Numerals 29-Aug-24 14:02
Classical Erávahal Imperatives 22-Aug-24 03:22
Classical Erávahal Pronouns 21-Mar-24 03:09