Middle Terminian [MTMN]
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Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 10 August 2017
+ shared with: Terminian Empire
+ shared with: Terminian Empire
Language type
A priori
Species
Human/humanoid
About Middle Terminian
A descendent of Old Terminian and Wa Ñi, spoken between 400-1400 CE. Predecessor to Modern Terminian.
Sample of Middle TerminianCan't find any yet.
Language family relationships
Language treeNgerupic
⤷ Wa Ñi
⤷ Termic
⤷ Old Terminian
⤷ Middle Terminian
⤷ Wa Ñi
⤷ Termic
⤷ Old Terminian
⤷ Middle Terminian
[view] About NgerupicWith over one hundred languages and approximately 500 million speakers in total, the Ngerupic languages comprise one of the largest language families on Sahar, spoken predominantly in Akulanen, Soltenna, and the Terminian Dominion. Countries with Nge...
Phonology
Consonants | Bilabial | Labio- dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post- Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||||||||
Nasal | m | n | [ŋ]1 | |||||||||||||||
Plosive | p | b | t | d | c2 | ɟ3 | k | g | ||||||||||
Fricative | (f) | [ð]4 | s5 | z6 | [ʃ]7 | [ʒ]8 | x | ɣ9 | ħ | (ʕ) | h10 | |||||||
Affricate | t͡s11 | d͡z12 | ||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | l | |||||||||||||||||
Approximant | ʋ13 | j | ||||||||||||||||
Trill | r14 | |||||||||||||||||
Flap | ɾ15 |
- underlying /ng/
- from /tj/ and /kj/
- from /dj/ and /gj/
- originally an intervocalic allophone of /d/; lost completely in early Middle Terminian
- apico-alveolar [s̺]
- apico-alveolar [z̺]
- marginal phoneme; usually analysed as /sj/
- allophone of /zj/
- usually realised as an approximant [ɣ̞]
- marginal phoneme, usually deleted
- lamino-dental [t͡s̻]
- lamino-dental [d͡z̻]
- merger of Old Terminian /w/ and intervocalic /b/
- trill [r] initially and intervocalically; free variation between [ɾ] and [r] in codas.
- only distinct from /r/ intervocalically; in free variation with [ɹ] in codas
Vowels | Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | |||||
Close | i1 (ĩ)2 | y3 (ỹ)4 | u5 (ũ)6 | |||||||
Near-close | ɪ | ʏ | ʊ | |||||||
Close-mid | [e]7 | [o]8 | ||||||||
Mid | ə9 | |||||||||
Open-mid | ɛ10 ɛ:11 (ɛ̃)12 | ɔ13 (ɔ:)14 (ɔ̃)15 | ||||||||
Near-open | [ɐ]16 | |||||||||
Open | a17 ã |
Polyphthongs | (ei̯)18 | au̯19 | ou̯20 | ɛi̯21 | ʊu̯22 | ɔu̯23 | ai̯ | ɪi̯24 | ʏi̯25 |
- from earlier /i:/
- variously merges with /ɛ̃/ or denasalises to /i/ around the 9th century
- from earlier /y:/
- merges with non-nasal /y/ around 9th century
- from earlier /u:/
- merges with non-nasal /u/ around 9th century
- allophone of /ai̯/
- in open syllables, allophone of /ɔ/
- from final /e/ or /o/, lost during 13th century
- from earlier /e/, /a/ in open syllables, and /e:/ in closed syllables
- from /a:/ in open syllables
- lowered to [æ̃] around 750 CE; eventually becomes /jã/
- from earlier /o/ and /o:/ in closed syllables
- from earlier /au/, mostly in loanwords
- merges with /ã/ around 700 CE
- unstressed syllables, allophone of /a/
- from earlier /a/ and /a:/ in closed syllables/
- from earlier /e:/ in open syllables, becomes /ai/ by 14th century
- via vowel breaking before velar fricatives
- from earlier /o:/ in open syllables
- via vowel breaking before velar fricatives
- via vowel breaking before velar fricatives
- via vowel breaking before velar fricatives
- via vowel breaking before velar fricatives
- via vowel breaking before velar fricatives
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Middle Terminian. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
Middle TerminianOrthography [edit] | ||||||||||
a a /a/1, [ɐ]2 | b b /b/ | c c /t͡s/3 | d d /d/, [ð]4 | e e /ə/5, /ɛ/6 | é é [e] | f f /f/7 | g g /g/ | h h /h/8, /ħ/ | í í /i/9 | i i /ɪ/ |
j j /j/ | k k /k/ | l l /l/ | m m /m/ | ń ń /ã/ | n n /n/ | o o /ɔ/10 | ó ó [o]11 | p p /p/ | q q /x/ | r r /r/12, /ɾ/13 |
s s /s/14 | t t /t/ | ú ú /u/15 | u u /ʊ/ | v v /ʋ/16 | x x /d͡z/17 | ý ý /y/18 | y y /ʏ/ | z z /z/19 | ƿ ƿ /ɣ/20 | |
✖ Unknown alphabetical order [change] |
- from earlier /a/ and /a:/ in closed syllables/
- unstressed syllables
- lamino-dental [t͡s̻]
- originally an intervocalic allophone of /d/; lost completely in early Middle Terminian
- from final /e/ or /o/, lost during 13th century
- from earlier /e/, /a/ in open syllables, and /e:/ in closed syllables
- loan words only
- marginal phoneme, usually deleted
- from earlier /i:/
- from earlier /o/ and /o:/ in closed syllables
- in open syllables
- trill [r] initially and intervocalically; free variation between [ɾ] and [r] in codas.
- only distinct from /r/ intervocalically; in free variation with [ɹ] in codas
- apico-alveolar [s̺]
- from earlier /u:/
- merger of Old Terminian /w/ and intervocalic /b/
- lamino-dental [d͡z̻]
- from earlier /y:/
- apico-alveolar [z̺]
- usually realised as an approximant [ɣ̞]