Sondilo & Handil Grammar
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rules n stuff
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 8 Apr 2017, 22:41.
[comments] hdlsnl
?FYI...
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
| ✿ | 1. | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | fau | bē | haku |
| dual | nurate | benē | pōrate |
| plural | nuwa | kewa | rōku |
Historically this was pretty darn regular, cf. the prefixal person agreement:
| ✿ | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | reflexive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| subject | sa | bi | ti | ||
| object | sa | kō | ra | wi |
In Handil, this gets real irregular real fast.
The Suffixes
Stackable Aspects:
-siŋgē "about to"
-lattuta "beginning to, becoming"
Primary Tense & Aspect:
-no IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'
-∅ PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action
Mood:
-rōsu DEODeontic (mood)
things that should be "should, must"
-(C²)ūpiro DESDesiderative (mood)
wishes, desires, wants "want to"¹
Evidentiality:
-pe HSYHearsay evidential (evidential)
'I have heard that...' "I hear that..." (but am not willing to confirm)
Plural marker²:
-hande PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
-pōta DUDual (number)
two
¹Note: The desiderative markers is one of several suffixes which eat the final vowel of the verb they follow, and when immediately following a voiceless stop rhotic or lateral, i.e. ‹p t k r l›, cause consonant gemination.
²Note: The plural markers merely mark that one of the verb's two main arguments is plural or dual. It does not specify which. In case one argument is dual and the other plural, the largest number wins.
Shafahenjanubrand!
sha-fahe-nja-n-ubr-and
3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.SUBSubject (argument).1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.OBJObject (argument)-see-about.to-IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'-DESDesiderative (mood)
wishes, desires, wants-PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
They're about to see us!
from *tisapahakēsiŋgenūbirohande
cp. Shafahenjubrand! "They were about to see us!"
Albahenufir femb.
al-bahe-n-ufir
1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SUBSubject (argument).3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.OBJObject (argument)-see-IPFVImperfective (aspect)
'interrupted or incomplete'-DESDesiderative (mood)
wishes, desires, wants femb
ball
I want to see the ball.
Brandrunufir femb shi fa?
Do you want to give me the ball?
Brandrunufilbot femb shi fa?
Do you want to give me those two balls?
Brandrunufirand femb shi fa?
Do you want to give me those balls?
Bravembandru shi hu?
Did you give her the ball? ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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