Verbal Derivational Morphology
▲
1▲ 1 ▼ 0
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 15 Dec 2019, 01:48.
[comments] hah
1. Greetings
!Warning!
This article has been marked as out of date. There's a possibility that some information is incorrect.
This article has been marked as out of date. There's a possibility that some information is incorrect.
-a-
Agentive
Semiproductive
-a- comes from Proto-Aereic *-a32-. The agentive derivational endings canonically move the focus of the verb to the agent by emphasizing the agent's volition and control over the action. Agentive endings are also used to add emphasis to the action itself, though even then the action is understood as being caused by an expressed agent rather than simply happening. They can also be used to turn nouns into verbs and to derive causatives from stative verbs. E.g. puloa 'jump from a high place' from pulo 'fall', emindo 'acquire' from eminda 'get', išuro 'have mercy' from išur 'mercy', þiumo 'sadden' from þiuma 'be sad'.
-aþ/oþ-
Habitual
Semiproductive
-aþ- comes from the Proto-Aereic habitual ending *-a11ɬ-. It is no longer productive as a verbal ending, but its primitive participle is used to form agent nouns, such as ibyaraðe 'bard' from ibyara 'recite poetry'.
-ban/bean-
Chaotic
Productive
-ban- comes from the Proto-Aereic iterative ending *-baː213n-. In Haþirysy it is used to denote an action which is chaotic, uncontrolled, and/or happening all over the place, e.g. calibana 'run amok, panic, be out of control' from calia 'run'.
-cat/tt-
Repetitive
Productive
-cat- comes from PA *-ka11t-. It indicates that an action is performed again or in return, e.g. sicata 'redo, remake' from sia 'do, make', or taricata 'give in return' from taria 'give'.
-da/de-
Exhaustive
Productive
-da comes from Proto-Aereic *-dra22 and imparts the meaning of doing something to exhaustion. ikurado 'sleep too long and wake up tired' from ikuro 'sleep'.
-dun/din-
Habitual/Iterative
Nonproductive
-dun- comes from Proto-Aereic -dɯ3n-. It is no longer productive as a verbal ending, but its primitive participle is used to form the proclivative participle, e.g. þundune 'irrascible (M) ' from þuma 'be angry'.
-e-
Stative
Nonproductive
-e- comes from PA *-e11-. It is used to form stative verbs from dynamic verbs, e.g. sunia 'be drunk' from sunea 'drink'.
-en-
Patientive
Productive
-en- comes from PA *-e12n-. The patientive verbal endings shift the emphasis of the verb to the patient, or to the action itself in the case of intransitive verbs. Patientive endings are thus the closest thing Haþirysy has to a true passive construction, with -en- by fare the most commonly used for this purpose. Examples include: dazziþþar (dazza-en-þa-r) 'I am hit, someone hits me' as opposed to dazzaru 'I hit' and gynaþa 'someone's coming' as opposed to gor 'he/she/it is coming'.
-gan/nn-
Diminutive
Productive
-gan- comes from PA *-ga13n-. It implies that the effect of the action was small or that it was only performed briefly or infrequently, e.g. dazzagana 'tap' from dazzo 'hit' or nagana 'speak little, be taciturn' from no 'speak'.
-il/yl-
Patientive
Nonproductive
-il- comes from PA *-eː12l-. Examples include kiþila 'mean' from kiþo 'show'.
-iss-
Augmentative
Productive
-iss- comes from PA *-i11ns-. It gives a sense of 'very' or 'a lot' to an action, e.g. gosissa 'eat a lot, be gluttonous' from goso 'eat' or eranissa 'be very cold' from erana 'be cold'.
Comments
