Haspuri > Chauku
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 16 Apr 2017, 23:10.
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1. Haspuri > Chauku
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
ī ū ā > i u a / _CCC or _CC$$
h > ∅ / C[-glide]_
ī ū ā > i u ɒ
i u a > e ɨ a
e > ə
Short ‹i u› Reduction:
{e ɨ} > ə / _#
Blocked by a following vowel (in which case above shift occurs):
{īw ūw uw ūy} > u
{āw aw iw} > o
{īy iy} > i
{āy ay uy} > e
h > ∅ / V_V
Low Vowel Hiatus Clean-Up {a ɒ ə e o}:
Ve > e:
eV > e:
Vo > ɒ:
oV > ɒ:
aə ɒə > a: ɒ:
əa əɒ > a: ɒ:
(This order holds, so /oe/ > /e:/)
High Vowel Hiatus Clean-Up:
i u ɨ > y w ɰ / _{a ɒ ə e o}
i u ɨ > y w ɰ / {a ɒ ə e o i u ɨ}_
uɰ oɰ > wɨ wə
ɰ > y / _{e i}
ɰ > w / _{ɒ o u}
ɰ > ∅: / _#
ɰ > ∅ / #_
ɰ > h
Cluster simplification:
s > ∅ / {C,#}_{p,t,k,m,n,l}
χ > aχ / {C,#}_C
mb nd ŋd nğ > m n ŋ ŋ / #_
s > z / V_{b d g m n ŋ r l}
s > θ
t͡s > s
Unstressed schwa is deleted between a nasal and a stop in either order, e.g. *anəpaθu > *anpaθu & apənaθu > *apnaθu
Medial nasal clean-up:
{b d g m n ŋ r l}m {b d g m n ŋ r l}n > mm nn
{m n ŋ}b {m n ŋ}d {{m n ŋ}g {m n ŋ}ɢ} > mm nn ŋŋ
k > q / _{a ɒ o}
ə i ɨ u > ɒ e ə o / {q χ ħ}_
ə i ɨ u > ɒ e ə o / _{q χ ħ}
k g > t͡s z / _V
q ğ > k g
w y > kʷ ch / _V
ə > ɒ / kʷ_
rw > w
l > n / #_VC
θ > f / _l
l > w / C_
r > l / #_
Cluster simplification:
{dr tr nr} > r
r > y
Blocked when _V:
ɒy > ay
oy > uy
{əy ɨy iy} > i:
ɒw > aw
ew > iw
{əw ɨw uw} > u:
-- Diphthongs /aj ey uj aw ow iw/ are preserved.
ɨ > u / _(C...)u
ɒ > o / _(C...)o
ɒ > o / o{p b m kʷ}_
Cluster simplification:
mp nt ŋk > mm nn ŋŋ
nθ lθ rθ > nn ll rr
i ɨ u > e ə o / _ħ
ħ > h
z > :∅ / _{C,#}
z > r
Stop clusters assimilate to the first stop:
pt > pp
gb > gg
Word-final voicing loss:
p t k > f ʔ x / {V y w}_
b d g > p t k / _#
a ɒ e o ə > a: ɒ: e: o: ə: / _{f θ x χ ł}
Pre-tonic non-initial short vowels between two stops are deleted:
V > ∅ / V(:)C[+stop]_C[+stop]V(:)CV(:)
V > ∅ / V(:)C[+stop]_C[+stop]V(:)CCV(:)
Voiced Consonant Loss:
b d g > p t k
t͡s > s / {V y w}_{V y w}
Loss of Quirky Final Resonants:
a ə {ɨ u} ɒ o > ɒ: o: u: ɒw ow / _l{C,#}
{p t k} > ∅ / l_#
l > ∅ / _{m n ŋ r}
t > ʔ / _#
l > t / _C
l > t / _#
{h ʔ} > ∅: / _{#,C}
Vowels shortened before two consonants / _C[-glide]C
h > ∅ / C_ -- including glides
Consonant gemination is lost.
Vowels shortened in final syllable / _{#,C#}
a: ɒ: > a o
ə: ɨ: > a ɨ
i: u: > i u
o: e: > wo ye
End of Early Proto-Chaukic (CE 400)
ə u > a wu / if stressed
wo wu > wɒ {u, wɒ} -- decide wu's fate on a coin flip basically (if need algorithm, _(C...){a ɒ e} or _# > wɒ / else u).
w > ∅ / {p m f}_
{wa(:) wɒ(:)} wə > ɒ(:) o / C_
{wɨ wi} we(:) > u o(:) / C_
kʷ > k / u_
kʷ > k / _u
kʷ > k / _C[-bilabial]
{a ə} e i > ɒ o u / _kʷ -- only affects short vowels
χ > x
Oral Vowels > Nasal / _(y,w)N
õw ẽy > ãw ãy
õ {ẽ ɨ̃} {ə̃ ɒ̃} > ũ ĩ ã
{m p} > ∅ / _C
{m p} > ∅ / _#
n > ŋ / _C
n > {ŋ, t} / _# -- usually /ŋ/, sometimes /t/, conditions are 100% unknown.
ũ ĩ ã > u i a
kʷ > k
{s θ f x} > h / _{C,#}
t c ŋ k x > c s ñ ch sh / _{y i}
ñy chy shy > ñ ch sh
ñ > n
Only if unstressed:
{ŋ k} > ∅ / VC(C...)_#
yi yɨ yə ya yɒ > i i ye ye ya
y > ∅ / C_
ɒ > a
In all circumstances:
{iw ew aw ow} > o
{uy oy ay ey} > e
{əy ɨy iy} > i
{əw ɨw uw} > u
ə > ∅ / VC_# -- stress is now irregular
Və > V: / _# -- stress moves to end of word
f > w / _V
ʔ > ∅ / ! #_ -- all words allophonically may begin with /ʔ/
ʔ-Loss Hiatus Simplification:
ai > ei
h > ∅
ɨ > i
i > u / _(C)(C)u -- if /i/ was unstressed in stem form of word
ə > e / {a,e,o}(C)(C)_
ə > i
x > h
c > ch
t > ʔ / V_V
θ > t
{s ʃ ł h} > ∅: / _{C,#}
Inconsistent, only happens segment is if separated from first vowel by only one consonant:
oʔa > oʔo / V[-a](C)_
eʔa > eʔe / V[-a](C)_
l > ∅ / _#
r > ∅
| OC Stops | Modern Chauku | OC Fricatives | Modern Chauku | OC Misc | Modern Chauku | OC Diphthongs | Modern Chauku |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | p | f | f | l | l, -y | ay oy ey | e i i |
| t | t, -ʔ | θ | t | w | w, -∅-* | ɨy uy iy | e wi e |
| t(y,i) | ts | s | s, -:∅ | y | c, -h | aw ow ew | o u o |
| k(y,i) | tʃ | x(y,i) | ʃ, -:∅ | ŋ | n, -∅ | ɨw uw iw | u o yu |
| k | k | x | h, -:∅ | ||||
| ʔ | ∅ | h | ∅ |
| PSP Long Vowel | OC Vowel | PSP Short Vowel | OC Vowel | PSP Long Y-Diphthong | OC Vowel | PSP Short Y-Diphthong | OC Vowel | PSP Long W-Diphthong | OC Vowel | PSP Short W-Diphthong | OC Vowel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ā | a | a | ə | āy | e | ay | e | āw | o | aw | u |
| ū | o | u | ɨ | ūy | u | uy | i | ūw | u | uw | u |
| ī | e | i | i | īy | i | iy | i | īw | u | iw | u |
Much of PSP's morphology has been ejected by the time of Old Chauku; the plural suffix -yu is absent from the proto-language, and the accusative suffix -(ə)t is suspiciously similar to PSP's nominalizer.
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