Grammar sketch
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This private article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 2 Nov 2022, 18:27.
[comments] eji
2. Ejai reform plans
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3. Grammar sketch
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
SUBJ + "go" + IDRE aux + Verb-INF > fut
zirm
zirmü
zirgü
zirtã
zirgin
| tense | mood | aspect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SIMPSimple aspect (aspect) | PFVPerfective (aspect) completed action | PROGProgressive (aspect) be verb-ing | PERFPerfect (aspect/tense) have verb-ed | ||
| PREPresent | INDIndicative mood (mood) a common form of realis |
- | +ü/u* | +üg/ug*** | +ãt/õt*** |
| IMPImperative (mood) command |
+r** | +r** | +gür/gur | +tãr/tõr | |
| INTERRInterrogative mood (mood) asks questions |
+s | +s | +güs/gus | +tãs/tõs | |
| NECNecessitative mood (mood) must, have to |
final consonant > voiced / final vowel > ø | final consonant > voiced / final vowel > ø | +üg/ug*** | +ãt/õt*** | |
| OPTOptative (mood) 'wish, hope' |
+ĩk/ũk*** | +ĩg/ũg*** | +gügĩ/gugũ | +tãgĩ/tõgũ | |
| ABILAbilitative (mood) expresses ability |
+k | +eg/og*** | +güge/gugo | +tãge/tõgo | |
| CAUSCausative (valency/mood) cause an action to occur, force another argument to act |
+ş | +düş/duş | +güdüş/guduş | +tãdüş/tõduş | |
| PASPast action occurred before moment of speech | INDIndicative mood (mood) a common form of realis |
+t | +t | +güt/gut | +tãt/tõt |
| IMPImperative (mood) command |
there is no past imperative | ||||
| INTERRInterrogative mood (mood) asks questions |
+dVs | +düs/dus | +güdüs/gudus | +tãdãs/tõdõs | |
| NECNecessitative mood (mood) must, have to |
+Vd | +üd/ud*** | +güdü/gudu | +tãdã/tõdõ | |
| OPTOptative (mood) 'wish, hope' |
+ĩk/ũk*** | +ĩk/ũk*** | +gütĩk/gutũk | +tãtĩk/tõtũk | |
| ABILAbilitative (mood) expresses ability |
+ek/ok*** | +ek/ok*** | +gütek/gutok | +tãtek/tõtok | |
| CAUSCausative (valency/mood) cause an action to occur, force another argument to act |
+düş/duş | +düş/duş | +güttüş/guttuş | +tãttüş/tõttuş | |
| FUTFuture (tense) action occurring after the moment of speech | INDIndicative mood (mood) a common form of realis |
zirm + INF | zirüm + INF | zirüg + INF | zirãt + INF |
| IMPImperative (mood) command |
there is no future imperative | ||||
| INTERRInterrogative mood (mood) asks questions |
zirs + INF | zirmüs + INF | zirgüs + INF | zirtãs + INF | |
| NECNecessitative mood (mood) must, have to |
zirm + INF | zirüm_ + INF | zirüg + INF | zirãt + INF | |
| OPTOptative (mood) 'wish, hope' |
zirĩk + INF | zirmügĩ + INF | zirgügĩ + INF | zirtãgĩ + INF | |
| ABILAbilitative (mood) expresses ability |
zirek + INF | zirmüge + INF | zirgüge + INF | zirtãge + INF | |
| CAUSCausative (valency/mood) cause an action to occur, force another argument to act |
zirdüş + INF | zirmüdüş + INF | zirgüdüş + INF | zirtãdüş + INF | |
| INFInfinitive (TAM) non-tensed verb |
+fa/fo*** | ||||
| GERGerund verbal noun |
+za/zo*** | ||||
| Affix rules | |||||
| when the verb ends with CC, the last C (before the suffix C) gets deleted | |||||
| * when the verb ends with CC, u/ü gets infixed between CC | |||||
| ** when the verb ends with C, r gets infixed before C | |||||
| *** when the verb ends with V, the suffix gets inverted (-eg => -ge) | |||||
feyaraf
[ˈfɛjanam]
dedüfa
[ˈdɛɟufa]
Lizẽüg
Asü dugurm!
Buf dükhürr!
Sahar üdat,
farali begün.
Deşeg, tsernüt,
fisasyin mah
ivagĩ dat,
gugug udgon.
Aḑazĩgin
slehmi dat,
sünütizün
şegraza.
Aã sügüt,
meşas ada.
Tudu egü,
tuntudd.
A1
Mezü mĩgü ada.
mez-ü mĩ-gü ada
cat-NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity play-PREPresent.PROGProgressive (aspect)
be verb-ing.INDIndicative mood (mood)
a common form of realis NEGNegative (polarity)
not
The cat is not playing.
A2
Mĩçüy gib-güdüşaf büyfasgür nlefeb.
mĩçüy gib-güdüş-af büy-fas-gür nlef-eb
toy.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity move-CAUSCausative (valency/mood)
cause an action to occur, force another argument to act.PROGProgressive (aspect)
be verb-ing-INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb 1DFirst person dual (person)
we two (inclusive or exclusive)-try-PREPresent.PROGProgressive (aspect)
be verb-ing.IMPImperative (mood)
command better-ADVZAdverbialiser (syntax)
turns word into adverb
Let's try moving the toy more.
B1
Yufasĩk - zirüg mĩva ke çüg büylindüş fob.
yu-fas-ĩk - zirüg mĩva ke çüg büy-lin-düş fob
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I-try-PREPresent.OPTOptative (mood)
'wish, hope'.SIMPSimple aspect (aspect) | FUTFuture (tense)
action occurring after the moment of speech.INDIndicative mood (mood)
a common form of realis.PROGProgressive (aspect)
be verb-ing play-INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb if thread.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity 1DFirst person dual (person)
we two (inclusive or exclusive)-dance-CAUSCausative (valency/mood)
cause an action to occur, force another argument to act.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action.PREPresent more
Let me try - he'll play more if we wiggle the string.
B2
Kizüd mãdüd büydagüt, ik mez sa dirimtãdã. Gibazü fo dat, kieb ki sagĩ nlefeb.
kizüd mãdü-d büy-da-gü-t | ik mez sa di-rim-tãdã || gibaz-ü fo da-t | kieb ki sa-gĩ nlefeb
when shop-LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity 1DFirst person dual (person)
we two (inclusive or exclusive)-be.INDIndicative mood (mood)
a common form of realis-PROGProgressive (aspect)
be verb-ing-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech | stick.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient cat.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient other.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient 2SSecond person singular (person)
addressee (you)-buy-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action.NECNecessitative mood (mood)
must, have to || movement-NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity more be-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.SIMPSimple aspect (aspect) | this-ADVZAdverbialiser (syntax)
turns word into adverb this like-PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action.OPTOptative (mood)
'wish, hope'.PREPresent better-ADVZAdverbialiser (syntax)
turns word into adverb
When we were at the store, you should've bought the other cat wand. There was more movement, so he'd have liked it more.
C1
Şutsatigüf aiŋggüf büyegãrgür, kizzê mez kun uŋdoĵvâ tinüdebdâ, ku mĩçüyn dagü mĩva mĩ ada.
şutsati-güf aiŋg-güf büy-egãr-gür | kizzê mez ku-n uŋdoĵ-vâ tinüdeb-dâ | ku mĩçüy-n dagü mĩ-va mĩ ada
factor-PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location some-PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location 1DFirst person dual (person)
we two (inclusive or exclusive)-think-IMPImperative (mood)
command.PREPresent.PROGProgressive (aspect)
be verb-ing | what.RELRelative cat.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient that-GENGenitive (case)
possessive decision-DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity bring_out-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.SIMPSimple aspect (aspect).INDIndicative mood (mood)
a common form of realis | that toy-GENGenitive (case)
possessive.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity with play-INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb play.PREPresent.SIMPSimple aspect (aspect).INDIndicative mood (mood)
a common form of realis NEGNegative (polarity)
not
Let's ponder some of the factors that have gone into the cat's decision not to play with the toy.
C2
Ke aĩlegü pabia gibazä tyunhaln fo mezä mĩçüyn binrazaf kminagĩg, rüsük tüntãgü sügaztes zirmügĩ supof, tünyiad'e zirgügĩ tegŷava.
ke aĩlegü pabia gibaz-ä tyun-hal-n fo mez-ä mĩçüy-n binraza-f kminag-ĩg| rüsk-ü tün-tãgü sügaztes zirmügĩ sup-of| tün-yia-d-'e zirgügĩ tegŷa-va
if someone movement-GENGenitive (case)
possessive.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity 3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.POSSPossessive (case)
owns, has-breath-GENGenitive (case)
possessive more cat-GENGenitive (case)
possessive.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity toy-GENGenitive (case)
possessive.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity direction-DATDative (case)
indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity use-PREPresent.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action.OPTOptative (mood)
'wish, hope' | creature<NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity> 3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.POSSPossessive (case)
owns, has-trait.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity uninterested.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity FUTFuture (tense)
action occurring after the moment of speech.OPTOptative (mood)
'wish, hope'.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action drop-INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb | 3SThird person singular (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.POSSPossessive (case)
owns, has-joy-LOCLocative (case)
'in, on, at' etc.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity-and FUTFuture (tense)
action occurring after the moment of speech.OPTOptative (mood)
'wish, hope'.PROGProgressive (aspect)
be verb-ing take_part_in-INFInfinitive (TAM)
non-tensed verb
If one were to apply just a hint of more kinetic force to the feline's plaything, the creature might shed it's lethargic nature, engage in jollity. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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