Relational verbs
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copulas, possesives, attributives and more
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 24 Dec 2020, 22:14.
[comments] ckacopulaattributivespossessionkinshipadjectives
2. chkwam summary
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3. Demonstratives
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7. Relational verbs
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8. Relative clauses
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10. Topic and focus
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
There is a series of verbs that relate two noun phrases and form their own class. They are called relational verbs and include the copulas, the adjectival verbs, kinship verbs, possessives and some others.
For relative clauses it is important to note that, if the verb begins with a palatalised consonant, it is due to a y- prefix and thus the relative form will separate it from the root.
| Human | Animate | Inanimate | |
|---|---|---|---|
| adjectival | req | noq | hoq |
| part | tyëh | ntëh | së |
| individual | kyën | mkwën | hë |
| kinship | |||
| parent older | vasy | na | |
| parent same | resy | nosy | |
| parent younger | qva | qna | |
| owning | |||
| hunt | dyeg | mdeg | |
| cattle | y(l)æs | ndæs | |
| wear | nyeq | nyoq | |
| liquid | tyu | mtu | |
| food | gyor | mgor |
There are three verbs that differ in gender (human, animate and inanimate) and are used with adjectives
deq
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I req
ADJAdjectival
syntactic.HUnknown code zyak
big
I'm big
kyam
dog noq
ADJAdjectival
syntactic.ANAnimate (gender/class)
alive, moving zyak
big
The dog is big
ntyeq
hat hoq
ADJAdjectival
syntactic.INInanimate (gender/class)
for non-living things zyak
bigThe hat is big
Kinship
To describe kinship there is a special set of verbs according to their relative age
Deq vasy ül tæt: He's my father.
Mosy na ül tæt: It's the cat's father.
Noun clauses with an adjective are internally headed relative clauses.
deq
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I dyeq
hunt fkwer
deer
I hunted a deer.
deq
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I dyeq
hunt fkwer
deer noq
COPCopula
used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate.ANAnimate (gender/class)
alive, moving zyak
big
I hunted a big deer.
Fkwer deq yadeg noq zyak
fkwer
deer deq
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I yadeq
RELRelative.hunt noq
COPCopula
used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate.ANAnimate (gender/class)
alive, moving zyak
big
The deer I hunted is big.
Another set of verbs are used for possesion
deq
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I yæs
have.catle fwæh
deer
I have a cow
fwæh
deer deq
1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I yælæs
RELRelative.have noq
COPCopula
used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate.ANAnimate (gender/class)
alive, moving zyak
big
The cow I have is big.
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