Standard Keranian [TDK]
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LotM Winner Typology
Functional
6,000 words
[view flag info] Standard Keranian
theyane kėraney [tχeˈjaɲi k͡xəˈɾanej]
[view flag info] Standard Keranian
theyane kėraney [tχeˈjaɲi k͡xəˈɾanej]
Registered by
Siblaime on 23 August 2019
Language type
Artistic Language (Artlang)
Place & SpeakersStandard Keranian is spoken by a population of around 3,600,000 in Kasewaya, Nesyania and Tazul.
Species
Human/humanoid
About Standard Keranian
- fusional/agglutinative, nominative-accusative, strongly head-final
- five grammatical aspects, sometimes they get lexical too
- you know you're doing everything right when “I have spent the whole day cleaning the house” is two words
nengayżeyav havredeṭpán
nengayżeyav havredeṭpán
house-clean.NMZNominaliser
makes other word a noun-INSTRInstrumental (case)
'with' 'using' COLCollective (number)
'group or mass entity'-spend_day-PTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.PFVPerfective (aspect)
completed action.1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I - phonemic close vowels are unnecessary
- now with 12,5% more affricate spam [ɡ͡ɣot͡sət͡s]
- when word-initial, clusters /ts dz tɕ dʑ/ are distinguished from affricates /t͡s d͡z t͡ɕ d͡ʑ/
e.g. ḍwoley ḍwoley [d͡zwolej] “liquid.ADJZAdjectiviser (syntax)
turns word into adjective” vs. dzwoley dzwoley [dzwolej] “of the left one” - generally we love clusters, okay
- yes, it has phonemic /wʲ χʲ/ and word-initial geminates
- every longer phrase sounds like a death sentence
- grammar article: CLICK
- an article about the conculture: CLICK № 2 (has won an award so I guess it's good)
Sample of Standard Keranian[view] Lavoraz cemekotawo, agavraz nėyrkotawo kotekė.
I eat yesterday for breakfast and tomorrow for dinner.[view all texts]
I eat yesterday for breakfast and tomorrow for dinner.[view all texts]
Language family relationships
Language treeDesanian
⤷ Proto-Desanian
⤷
Old Desani
⤷ Southern Desanian
⤷
Standard Keranian
⤷ Proto-Desanian
⤷
Old Desani⤷ Southern Desanian
⤷
Standard Keranian[view] About DesanianOne of the language families of the western regions of Dawera, among a few other unrelated groups of languages.
Modern Desanian languages are spoken by over 40 million people in Kasewaya, Inwez, Nesyania and Tazul.
Modern Desanian languages are spoken by over 40 million people in Kasewaya, Inwez, Nesyania and Tazul.
[view] Pevaradey (Eastern Keranian)Pevaradey [bvaˈɾadɪ] (literally ‘lakeside’), also known as Eastern Keranian is a dialect spoken mainly in northeastern Nesyania. It is more similar to the Saritani language and its lexicon contains more Nesyanian loanwords than the standard variety.
[view] Kasweheley (Kasewayan Keranian)Kasewayan Keranian, native name Kasweheley [k͡xasweˈxelej] is a dialect spoken in central and eastern Kasewaya. Its lexicon contains less loanwords of Nesyanian origin and borrows more words from the Kasewayan language. The phonology is also more similar to Kasewayan.
[view] Zamavrevakey (Zamafrian Keranian)The Zamafrian urban dialect, natively Zamavrevakey [zəmavɾeˈvakej], is a variety spoken in northern Nesyania, most notably in the city of Zamafri and surrounding areas.
(This dialect doesn't have any phonological quirks – besides pretty basic stuff such as some vowel reduction – as the standardized language is based on it.
I just didn't want to put casual/slang/vulgar words into actual literary Standard Keranian, so this is a separate dialect for them.)
(This dialect doesn't have any phonological quirks – besides pretty basic stuff such as some vowel reduction – as the standardized language is based on it.
I just didn't want to put casual/slang/vulgar words into actual literary Standard Keranian, so this is a separate dialect for them.)
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio- dental | Alveolar | Alveolo- palatal | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Uvular | ||||||||
| Nasal | m m: [m:ʲ]1 [mʲ]2 | n n: | ɲ3 [ɲ:]4 | [ŋ]5 | [ɴ]6 | |||||||||||
| Plosive | p p: pʲ | b b: bʲ | t t: tʲ | d d: dʲ | k k: | g | q7 | [ɢ]8 | ||||||||
| Fricative | [f]9 | v vʲ | s (s:) | z | ɕ | ʑ | χ10 χʲ | [ʁ]11 | ||||||||
| Affricate | t͡s | d͡z | t͡ɕ | d͡ʑ d͡ʑ: | [k͡x]12 | [g͡ɣ]13 | ||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l l: lʲ | |||||||||||||||
| Approximant | j j: | w wʲ | ||||||||||||||
| Flap | ɾ ɾ: ɾʲ | |||||||||||||||
- before [i], allophone of /m:/
- before [i], allophone of /m/
- also an allophone of /n/ before [i]
- before [i], allophone of /n:/
- before velars, allophone of /n/
- before uvulars, allophone of /n/
- actually post-velar [q ~ k], realized as [k] or [g] in certain environments
- allophone of /q/
- allophone of /v/
- actually post-velar [χ ~ x], realized as [x] in certain environments
- allophone of /χ/
- word-initial, allophone of /k/
- word-initial, allophone of /g/
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
| Close | [i]1 | [u]2 | ||||
| Close-mid | e | o | ||||
| Mid | ə3 | |||||
| Open | a4 | ɑ | ||||
- after nasals, allophone of /e/
- before nasals, allophone of /o/
- [ɤ] after palatals
- [ɐ] after uvulars
Syllable Structure(C)(C)(L)V(C)(C)
L stands for /l ɾ v w/
In contrast to Old Desani, Keranian allows complex syllable structure. The largest consonant cluster possible is CCC; clusters made of more than three consonants aren't allowed even when being cross-syllable.
L stands for /l ɾ v w/
In contrast to Old Desani, Keranian allows complex syllable structure. The largest consonant cluster possible is CCC; clusters made of more than three consonants aren't allowed even when being cross-syllable.
Stress informationThe default stress location is on the penultimate syllable. Nouns ending with -ow/-aw are the main exception: the last syllable is stressed.
Case markers and copula suffixes do not move the stress location, therefore some forms are stressed on the third-to-last syllable.
Case markers and copula suffixes do not move the stress location, therefore some forms are stressed on the third-to-last syllable.
OtherAll voiced consonants are devoiced at the end of a word.
Vowel length distinctions are unexistent, but most consonants can be geminated/long (it is marked simply by a double letter).
Vowel length distinctions are unexistent, but most consonants can be geminated/long (it is marked simply by a double letter).
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Standard Keranian. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
| Standard KeranianOrthography | |||||||||
| a a a /a/1 | á á sálay a /ɑ/ | b b bė /b/ | p p pė /p/ | j j je /d͡ʑ/ | c c ce /t͡ɕ/ | d d da /d/ | t t ta /t/ | ḍ ḍ ḍė /d͡z/ | ṭ ṭ ṭė /t͡s/ |
| e e e /e/, [i]2 | ė ė hzaney e /ə/3 | g g ga /g/, [g͡ɣ]4 | h h ha /χ/5, [ʁ] | k k ka /k/, [k͡x]6 | q q qa /q/7, [ɢ] | l l la /l/ | m m mė /m/ | n n nė /n/, [ŋ]8, [ɴ]9 | o o o /o/, [u]10 |
| r r ra /ɾ/ | s s es /s/ | v v va /v/, [f] | w w wa /w/ | y y yė /j/ | z z za /z/ | ż ż ża /ʑ/ | ṡ ṡ eṡ /ɕ/ | ||
| ✔ Shown in correct order | |||||||||
- [ɐ] after uvulars
- after nasals
- [ɤ] after palatals
- word-initial
- actually post-velar [χ ~ x], realized as [x] in certain environments
- word-initial
- actually post-velar [q ~ k], realized as [k] or [g] in certain environments
- before velars
- before uvulars
- before nasals
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