Standard Keranian [TDK]
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LotM Winner Typology
Functional
6,350 words
[view flag info] Standard Keranian
thiyani keranii [tχejaɲi k͡xəɾanej]
[view flag info] Standard Keranian
thiyani keranii [tχejaɲi k͡xəɾanej]
Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 23 August 2019
Language type
Artistic Language (Artlang)
Place & SpeakersStandard Keranian is spoken by a population of around 3,600,000 in Kasewaya and Nesyania.
Species
Human/humanoid
About Standard Keranian
- fusional/agglutinative, nom/acc, strongly head-final
- five grammatical aspects, sometimes they get lexical too
- phonemic close vowels are unnecessary, change my mind
- when word-initial, clusters /ts dz tɕ dʑ/ are distinguished from affricates /t͡s d͡z t͡ɕ d͡ʑ/
for example, ḍwulii ḍwulii [d͡zwolej] “liquid” vs. dzwulii dzwulii [dzwolej] “of the left one”
- in fact, there's a ton of word-initial clusters
- every longer phrase sounds like a death sentence
- many everyday words have their formal, honourific or casual equivalents used in different contexts
- grammar article: CLICK
- an article about the conculture: CLICK № 2 (it has won an award so I guess it's good)
Sample of Standard Keranian[view] Wur’au qe quhai tiyanet bi tub’aime, v’a ṡa ucanaye bi.
Wealth consists not in having great possessions, but in having few wants.[view all texts]
Wealth consists not in having great possessions, but in having few wants.[view all texts]
Language family relationships
Language treeDesanian
⤷ Proto-Desanian
⤷
Old Desani
⤷ Southern Desanian
⤷
Standard Keranian
⤷ Proto-Desanian
⤷
Old Desani⤷ Southern Desanian
⤷
Standard Keranian[view] About DesanianOne of the language families of the western regions of Dawera, among a few other unrelated groups of languages.
Modern Desanian languages are spoken by over 40 million people in Kasewaya, Inwez, Nesyania and Tazul.
Modern Desanian languages are spoken by over 40 million people in Kasewaya, Inwez, Nesyania and Tazul.
[edit] [view] Pevaradii (Eastern Keranian)Pevaradii or Bevaradii [bvaɾadɪ] (literally ‘lakeside’), also known as Eastern Keranian is a dialect spoken mainly in northeastern Nesyania. It is more similar to the Saridzani language and its lexicon contains more Nesyanian loanwords than the standard variety.
[edit] [view] Kaswihilii (Kasewayan Keranian)Kasewayan Keranian, native name Kaswihilii [k͡xaswexelej] is a dialect spoken in central and eastern Kasewaya. Its lexicon contains less loanwords of Nesyanian origin and borrows more words from the Kasewayan language. The phonology is also more similar to Kasewayan.
[edit] [view] Zamavrivakii (Zamafrian Keranian)The Zamafrian urban dialect, natively Zamavrivakii [zəmavɾevakej], is a variety spoken in northern Nesyania, most notably in the city of Zamafri and surrounding areas.
(This dialect doesn't have any phonological quirks – besides pretty basic stuff such as some vowel reduction – as the standardized language is based on it.
I just didn't want to put casual/slang/vulgar words into actual literary Standard Keranian, so this is a separate dialect for them.)
(This dialect doesn't have any phonological quirks – besides pretty basic stuff such as some vowel reduction – as the standardized language is based on it.
I just didn't want to put casual/slang/vulgar words into actual literary Standard Keranian, so this is a separate dialect for them.)
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio- dental | Alveolar | Alveolo- palatal | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Uvular | ||||||||
| Nasal | m m: [m:ʲ]1 [mʲ]2 | n n: | ɲ3 [ɲ:]4 | [ŋ]5 | [ɴ]6 | |||||||||||
| Plosive | [p]7 [pʲ]8 | b b: bʲ | t t: tʲ | d d: dʲ | k k: | g | q9 | [ɢ]10 | ||||||||
| Fricative | [f]11 | v vʲ | s (s:) | z | ɕ | ʑ | χ12 χʲ | [ʁ]13 | ||||||||
| Affricate | t͡s | d͡z | t͡ɕ | d͡ʑ d͡ʑ: | [k͡x]14 | [g͡ɣ]15 | ||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l l: lʲ | |||||||||||||||
| Approximant | j j: | w wʲ | ||||||||||||||
| Flap | ɾ ɾ: ɾʲ | |||||||||||||||
- before [i], allophone of /m:/
- before [i], allophone of /m/
- also an allophone of /n/ before [i]
- before [i], allophone of /n:/
- before velars, allophone of /n/
- before uvulars, allophone of /n/
- allophone of /b/
- allophone of /bʲ/
- actually post-velar [q ~ k], realized as [k] or [g] in certain environments
- allophone of /q/
- allophone of /v/
- actually post-velar [χ ~ x], realized as [x] in certain environments
- allophone of /χ/
- word-initial, allophone of /k/
- word-initial, allophone of /g/
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
| Close | [i]1 | [u]2 | ||||
| Close-mid | e | o | ||||
| Mid | ə3 | |||||
| Open | a4 | ɑ | ||||
- after nasals, allophone of /e/
- before nasals, allophone of /o/
- [ɤ] after palatals
- [ɐ] after uvulars
Syllable Structure(C)(C)(L)V(C)(C)
L stands for /l ɾ v w/
In contrast to Old Desani, Keranian allows complex syllable structure. The largest consonant cluster possible is CCC; clusters made of more than three consonants aren't allowed even when being cross-syllable.
L stands for /l ɾ v w/
In contrast to Old Desani, Keranian allows complex syllable structure. The largest consonant cluster possible is CCC; clusters made of more than three consonants aren't allowed even when being cross-syllable.
Stress informationThe default stress location is on the penultimate syllable. Nouns ending with -ow/-aw are the main exception: the last syllable is stressed.
Case markers and copula suffixes do not move the stress location, therefore some forms are stressed on the third-to-last syllable.
Case markers and copula suffixes do not move the stress location, therefore some forms are stressed on the third-to-last syllable.
OtherAll voiced consonants are devoiced at the end of a word.
Vowel length distinctions are unexistent, but most consonants can be geminated/long (it is marked simply by a double letter).
Vowel length distinctions are unexistent, but most consonants can be geminated/long (it is marked simply by a double letter).
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Standard Keranian. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
| Standard KeranianOrthography [edit] | ||||||||
| a a a /a/1 | o o solei a /ɑ/ | b b be /b/ | v v va /v/, [f] | j j ji /d͡ʑ/ | c c ce /t͡ɕ/ | d d da /d/ | ḍ ḍ ḍe /d͡z/ | t t ta /t/ |
| ṭ ṭ ṭe /t͡s/ | e e hzanii /ə/2 | i i e /e/, [i]3 | y y ye /j/ | g g ga /g/, [g͡ɣ]4 | h h ha /χ/5, [ʁ] | k k ka /k/, [k͡x]6 | q q qa /q/7, [ɢ] | l l la /l/ |
| m m mi /m/ | n n ni /n/, [ŋ]8, [ɴ]9 | u u u /o/, [u]10 | w w wa /w/ | r r ra /ɾ/ | s s sa /s/ | z z za /z/ | ż ż żi /ʑ/ | ṡ ṡ ṡi /ɕ/ |
| ✔ Shown in correct order [change] | ||||||||
- [ɐ] after uvulars
- [ɤ] after palatals
- after nasals
- word-initial
- actually post-velar [χ ~ x], realized as [x] in certain environments
- word-initial
- actually post-velar [q ~ k], realized as [k] or [g] in certain environments
- before velars
- before uvulars
- before nasals
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