Standard Keranian [TDK]
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LotM Winner Typology
Functional
3,505 words
[view flag info] Standard Keranian
Theyane Kėraney [tχeˈjaɲi k͡xəˈɾanej]
[view flag info] Standard Keranian
Theyane Kėraney [tχeˈjaɲi k͡xəˈɾanej]
Registered by
Siblaime on 23 August 2019
Language type
Artistic Language (Artlang)
Place & SpeakersStandard Keranian is spoken by a population of around 3,000,000 in Kasewaya, northern Nesyania and parts of Tazul.
Species
Human/humanoid
About Standard Keranian
— A complete grammar article: CLICK —
— An article about the conculture: CLICK № 2 —
Vox populi:
• fusional, nominative-accusative, head-final
• derived from
Old Desani with lots of 
Nesyanian loanwords
• loosely inspired by Pashto (the vowel system, consonant clusters, lots of words ending with /ə/ or a diphthong, etc.)
• actually it looks more like an Albanian-Slavic version of Pig Latin
• no standalone verb ‘to be’ (only a conjugable suffix) and no separate verb meaning ‘to exist’
• no phonemic close vowels
• when word-initial, clusters /ts dz tɕ dʑ/ are distinguished from affricates /t͡s d͡z t͡ɕ d͡ʑ/
• word-initial clusters are actually quite common (over 80 allowed possibilities, some somewhat cursed)
• the whole lang is dotted like a damn ladybug, because diacritics
— An article about the conculture: CLICK № 2 —
Vox populi:
• fusional, nominative-accusative, head-final
• derived from
Old Desani with lots of Nesyanian loanwords• loosely inspired by Pashto (the vowel system, consonant clusters, lots of words ending with /ə/ or a diphthong, etc.)
• actually it looks more like an Albanian-Slavic version of Pig Latin
• no standalone verb ‘to be’ (only a conjugable suffix) and no separate verb meaning ‘to exist’
• no phonemic close vowels
• when word-initial, clusters /ts dz tɕ dʑ/ are distinguished from affricates /t͡s d͡z t͡ɕ d͡ʑ/
• word-initial clusters are actually quite common (over 80 allowed possibilities, some somewhat cursed)
• the whole lang is dotted like a damn ladybug, because diacritics
Sample of Standard Keranian[view] Qezáne daw dánraatwey ṡema kpá wadaycėn ṡtáy may onė yal ktecėn deráne.
I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something from him.[view all texts]
I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something from him.[view all texts]
Sound samples in Standard Keranian
Some sound samples of Standard Keranian. Maximum of 6 shown. Click the links to see the full texts.
A, vahtoymė, hetėy. Taban qayrė!
Oh, that's right, honey. We don't have a son!
Oh, that's right, honey. We don't have a son!
Rerė pėvrekė.
I’m crossing the bridge.
I’m crossing the bridge.
Language family relationships
Language treeDesanian
⤷ Proto-Desanian
⤷ Old Desani
⤷ Southern Desani
⤷ Dəmáyat
⤷
Standard Keranian
⤷ Proto-Desanian
⤷
Old Desani⤷ Southern Desani
⤷ Dəmáyat
⤷
Standard Keranian[view] About DesanianOne of the language families of the western regions of Dawera, among two other unrelated groups of languages, Tohei and Tazuru (Western Dawerian).
There are two branches, Southern and Northern; both derive themselves from the oldest attest...
There are two branches, Southern and Northern; both derive themselves from the oldest attest...
[view] Pevaradei (Eastern Keranian)Pevaradei [bvaˈɾadɪ] (literally 'lakeside'), also known as Eastern Keranian is a dialect spoken in the northeastern Nesyania and in Inwez.
Number of speakers: c. 250,000
Main phonological differences:
• alveolopalatals become postalveolars
• word-initial affricates usually become fricatives
• some consonant clusters and diphthongs are simplified
• /ɑn ɑm/ [un um]
Number of speakers: c. 250,000
Main phonological differences:
• alveolopalatals become postalveolars
• word-initial affricates usually become fricatives
• some consonant clusters and diphthongs are simplified
• /ɑn ɑm/ [un um]
[view] Kaṡwehelei (Kasewayan Keranian)Kasewayan Keranian, native name Kaṡweheley or Kaṡwehelei [k͡xaʃweˈχelej] is a dialect spoken in central and eastern Kasewaya.
Number of speakers: c. 570,000
Main phonological differences:
• alveolopalatals become postalveolars (and retroflexes in some clusters)
• /e/ closed to [i] after postalveolars
• word-initial velar stops often become fricatives (no consistence, though)
• /ɒ/ instead of /ɑ/
Number of speakers: c. 570,000
Main phonological differences:
• alveolopalatals become postalveolars (and retroflexes in some clusters)
• /e/ closed to [i] after postalveolars
• word-initial velar stops often become fricatives (no consistence, though)
• /ɒ/ instead of /ɑ/
[view] Zamavrevakei (Zamafrian dialect)Zamafrian urban dialect, natively Zamavrevakei [zəmavɾeˈvakej], is a variety spoken in northern Nesyania, most notably in the city of Zamafri and surrounding areas.
(This dialect doesn't have any phonological quirks – besides pretty basic stuff such as some vowel reduction – as the standardized language is based on it.
I just didn't want to put casual/slang/vulgar words into actual literary Standard Keranian, so this is a separate dialect for them.)
(This dialect doesn't have any phonological quirks – besides pretty basic stuff such as some vowel reduction – as the standardized language is based on it.
I just didn't want to put casual/slang/vulgar words into actual literary Standard Keranian, so this is a separate dialect for them.)
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio- dental | Alveolar | Alveolo- palatal | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Uvular | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | [ɲ]1 | [ŋ]2 | [ɴ]3 | |||||||||||
| Plosive | p pʲ | b bʲ | t [ⁿt]4 tʲ | d [ⁿd]5 dʲ | k [ᵑk]6 | g [ᵑg]7 | q8 | [ɢ]9 | ||||||||
| Fricative | [f]10 | v vʲ | s | z | ɕ | ʑ | [x]11 | χ12 | [ʁ]13 | |||||||
| Affricate | t͡s | d͡z | t͡ɕ | d͡ʑ | [k͡x]14 | [g͡ɣ]15 | ||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l lʲ | |||||||||||||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||||||||||
| Trill | [r]16 | |||||||||||||||
| Flap | ɾ ɾʲ | |||||||||||||||
- before [i], allophone of /n/
- before velars, allophone of /n/
- before uvulars, allophone of /n/
- a word-initial allophone of the cluster [nt]
- a word-initial allophone of the cluster [nd]
- a word-initial allophone of the cluster [ŋk]
- a word-initial allophone of the cluster [ŋg]
- actually post-velar [q ~ k], realized as [k] or [g] in certain environments
- allophone of /q/
- allophone of /v/
- allophone of /χ/
- actually post-velar [χ ~ x], realized as [x] in certain environments
- allophone of /χ/
- word-initial, allophone of /k/
- word-initial, allophone of /g/
- allophone of /ɾ/
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
| Close | [i]1 | [u]2 | ||||
| Close-mid | e | o | ||||
| Mid | ə3 | |||||
| Open | a4 | ɑ | ||||
- after nasals, allophone of /e/
- before nasals, allophone of /o/
- [ɤ] between a palatal and a nasal
- [ɐ] after uvulars
Syllable StructureIn contrast to Old Desani, Keranian allows complex syllable structure. The largest consonant cluster possible is CCC; clusters made of more than three consonants aren't allowed even when being cross-syllable.
Stress informationThe default stress location is on the penultimate syllable. Nouns ending with -ow/-aw and adverbs ending with -áne are the main exception - the last syllable is stressed.
Case markers and copula suffixes do not move the stress location, therefore some forms are stressed on the third-to-last syllable.
Case markers and copula suffixes do not move the stress location, therefore some forms are stressed on the third-to-last syllable.
OtherAll voiced consonants are devoiced at the end of a word.
Vowel length distinctions are unexistent, but most consonants can be geminated/long (it is marked simply by a double letter).
Vowel length distinctions are unexistent, but most consonants can be geminated/long (it is marked simply by a double letter).
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Standard Keranian. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
| Standard KeranianOrthography | |||||||||
| Aa a /a/1 | Áá sálay a /ɑ/ | Bb bė /b/ | Pp pė /p/ | Jj je /d͡ʑ/ | Cc ce /t͡ɕ/ | Dd da /d/ | Ḍḍ ḍė /d͡z/ | Tt ta /t/ | Ṭṭ ṭė /t͡s/ |
| Ee e /e/, [i]2 | Ėė hzaney e /ə/3 | Gg ga /g/, [g͡ɣ]4 | Hh ha /χ/5, [ʁ], [x] | Kk ka /k/, [k͡x]6 | Qq qa /q/7, [ɢ] | Ll la /l/ | Mm mė /m/ | Nn nė /n/, [ɲ]8, [ŋ]9, [ɴ]10 | Oo o /o/, [u]11 |
| Rr ra [r] | Ss es /s/ | Vv va /v/, [f] | Ww wa /w/ | Yy yė /j/ | Zz za /z/ | Żż ża /ʑ/ | Ṡṡ eṡ /ɕ/ | ||
| ✔ Shown in correct order | |||||||||
- [ɐ] after uvulars
- after nasals
- [ɤ] between a palatal and a nasal
- word-initial
- actually post-velar [χ ~ x], realized as [x] in certain environments
- word-initial
- actually post-velar [q ~ k], realized as [k] or [g] in certain environments
- before [i]
- before velars
- before uvulars
- before nasals
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