Standard Keranian [TDK]
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LotM Winner Typology
Functional
4,400 words
[view flag info] Standard Keranian
Theyane Kėraney [tχeˈjaɲi k͡xəˈɾanej]
[view flag info] Standard Keranian
Theyane Kėraney [tχeˈjaɲi k͡xəˈɾanej]
Registered by
Siblaime on 23 August 2019
Language type
Artistic Language (Artlang)
Place & SpeakersStandard Keranian is spoken by a population of around 3,600,000 in Kasewaya, northern Nesyania and parts of Tazul.
Species
Human/humanoid
About Standard Keranian
— A complete grammar article: CLICK —
— An article about the conculture: CLICK № 2 —
Vox populi:
• fusional, nominative-accusative, strongly head-final
• derived from
Old Desani with lots of 
Nesyanian loanwords
• loosely inspired by Pashto (the vowel system, consonant clusters, lots of words ending with /ə/ or a diphthong, etc.)
• actually it looks more like an Albanian-Slavic version of Pig Latin
• no standalone verb ‘to be’ (only a conjugable suffix) and no separate verb meaning ‘to exist’
• no phonemic close vowels
• when word-initial, clusters /ts dz tɕ dʑ/ are distinguished from affricates /t͡s d͡z t͡ɕ d͡ʑ/
• word-initial clusters are actually quite common (over 80 allowed possibilities, some somewhat cursed)
• the whole lang is dotted like a damn ladybug, because diacritics
— An article about the conculture: CLICK № 2 —
Vox populi:
• fusional, nominative-accusative, strongly head-final
• derived from
Old Desani with lots of Nesyanian loanwords• loosely inspired by Pashto (the vowel system, consonant clusters, lots of words ending with /ə/ or a diphthong, etc.)
• actually it looks more like an Albanian-Slavic version of Pig Latin
• no standalone verb ‘to be’ (only a conjugable suffix) and no separate verb meaning ‘to exist’
• no phonemic close vowels
• when word-initial, clusters /ts dz tɕ dʑ/ are distinguished from affricates /t͡s d͡z t͡ɕ d͡ʑ/
• word-initial clusters are actually quite common (over 80 allowed possibilities, some somewhat cursed)
• the whole lang is dotted like a damn ladybug, because diacritics
Sample of Standard Keranian[view] Lavoraże cemekotawo, agvoraże nėyrkotawo kotekė.
I eat yesterday for breakfast and tomorrow for dinner.[view all texts]
I eat yesterday for breakfast and tomorrow for dinner.[view all texts]
Language family relationships
Language treeDesanian
⤷ Proto-Desanian
⤷ Old Desani
⤷ Southern Desani
⤷ Dəmáyat
⤷
Standard Keranian
⤷
Proto-Desanian⤷
Old Desani⤷ Southern Desani
⤷ Dəmáyat
⤷
Standard Keranian[view] About DesanianOne of the language families of the western regions of Dawera, among two other unrelated groups of languages, Bereshen and Nesyanian.
There are two branches, Southern and Northern; both descend from the oldest attested language of the fami...
There are two branches, Southern and Northern; both descend from the oldest attested language of the fami...
[view] Pevaradei (Eastern Keranian)Pevaradei [bvaˈɾadɪ] (literally ‘lakeside’), also known as Eastern Keranian is a dialect spoken in the northeastern Nesyania and in Inwez.
Number of speakers: c. 250,000
Main phonological differences:
• alveolopalatals become postalveolars
• word-initial affricates usually become fricatives
• some consonant clusters are simplified
• /ɑn ɑm/ are [un um]
• unstressed /aj ej/ are [əj ɪ] or [ej ɪ]
Number of speakers: c. 250,000
Main phonological differences:
• alveolopalatals become postalveolars
• word-initial affricates usually become fricatives
• some consonant clusters are simplified
• /ɑn ɑm/ are [un um]
• unstressed /aj ej/ are [əj ɪ] or [ej ɪ]
[view] Kaswehelei (Kasewayan Keranian)Kasewayan Keranian, native name Kasweheley or Kaswehelei [k͡xasweˈχeɫej] is a dialect spoken in central and eastern Kasewaya.
Number of speakers: c. 570,000
Main phonological differences:
• alveolopalatals become postalveolars (and retroflexes in some clusters)
• /e/ closed to [i] after postalveolars
• word-initial velar stops often become fricatives (no consistence, though)
• /ɒ/ instead of /ɑ/
• /ɫ/ instead of /l/
Number of speakers: c. 570,000
Main phonological differences:
• alveolopalatals become postalveolars (and retroflexes in some clusters)
• /e/ closed to [i] after postalveolars
• word-initial velar stops often become fricatives (no consistence, though)
• /ɒ/ instead of /ɑ/
• /ɫ/ instead of /l/
[view] Zamavrevakei (Zamafrian dialect)Zamafrian urban dialect, natively Zamavrevakei [zəmavɾeˈvakej], is a variety spoken in northern Nesyania, most notably in the city of Zamafri and surrounding areas.
(This dialect doesn't have any phonological quirks – besides pretty basic stuff such as some vowel reduction – as the standardized language is based on it.
I just didn't want to put casual/slang/vulgar words into actual literary Standard Keranian, so this is a separate dialect for them.)
(This dialect doesn't have any phonological quirks – besides pretty basic stuff such as some vowel reduction – as the standardized language is based on it.
I just didn't want to put casual/slang/vulgar words into actual literary Standard Keranian, so this is a separate dialect for them.)
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio- dental | Alveolar | Alveolo- palatal | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Uvular | ||||||||
| Nasal | m m: | n n: | [ɲ]1 | [ŋ]2 | [ɴ]3 | |||||||||||
| Plosive | p p: pʲ | b b: bʲ | t t: [ⁿt]4 tʲ | d d: [ⁿd]5 dʲ | k k: [ᵑk]6 | g [ᵑg]7 | q8 [ᶰq]9 | [ɢ]10 | ||||||||
| Fricative | [f]11 | v vʲ | s s: | z | ɕ | ʑ | [x]12 | χ13 | [ʁ]14 | |||||||
| Affricate | t͡s | d͡z | t͡ɕ | d͡ʑ d͡ʑ: | [k͡x]15 | [g͡ɣ]16 | ||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l l: lʲ | |||||||||||||||
| Approximant | j j: | w | ||||||||||||||
| Flap | ɾ ɾ: ɾʲ | |||||||||||||||
| Blends | wa | wo | we | wə | ja | je | jɤ | jo | ju | jɑ |
- before [i], allophone of /n/
- before velars, allophone of /n/
- before uvulars, allophone of /n/
- a word-initial allophone of the cluster [nt]
- a word-initial allophone of the cluster [nd]
- a word-initial allophone of the cluster [ŋk]
- a word-initial allophone of the cluster [ŋg]
- actually post-velar [q ~ k], realized as [k] or [g] in certain environments
- a word-initial allophone of the cluster [ɴq]
- allophone of /q/
- allophone of /v/
- allophone of /χ/
- actually post-velar [χ ~ x], realized as [x] in certain environments
- allophone of /χ/
- word-initial, allophone of /k/
- word-initial, allophone of /g/
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
| Close | [i]1 | [u]2 | ||||
| Close-mid | e | o | ||||
| Mid | ə3 | |||||
| Open | a4 | ɑ | ||||
| Polyphthongs | aj | ɐj | ej | əj | oj | ɑj | ow | aw | ew | əw |
| ɤj | ɤw |
- after nasals, allophone of /e/
- before nasals, allophone of /o/
- [ɤ] after palatals
- [ɐ] after uvulars
Syllable StructureIn contrast to Old Desani, Keranian allows complex syllable structure. The largest consonant cluster possible is CCC; clusters made of more than three consonants aren't allowed even when being cross-syllable.
Stress informationThe default stress location is on the penultimate syllable. Nouns ending with -ow/-aw and adverbs ending with -áne are the main exception - the last syllable is stressed.
Case markers and copula suffixes do not move the stress location, therefore some forms are stressed on the third-to-last syllable.
Case markers and copula suffixes do not move the stress location, therefore some forms are stressed on the third-to-last syllable.
OtherAll voiced consonants are devoiced at the end of a word.
Vowel length distinctions are unexistent, but most consonants can be geminated/long (it is marked simply by a double letter).
Vowel length distinctions are unexistent, but most consonants can be geminated/long (it is marked simply by a double letter).
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Standard Keranian. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
| Standard KeranianOrthography | |||||||||
| Aa a /a/1 | Áá sálay a /ɑ/ | Bb bė /b/ | Pp pė /p/ | Jj je /d͡ʑ/ | Cc ce /t͡ɕ/ | Dd da /d/ | Ḍḍ ḍė /d͡z/ | Tt ta /t/ | Ṭṭ ṭė /t͡s/ |
| Ee e /e/, [i]2 | Ėė hzaney e /ə/3 | Gg ga /g/, [g͡ɣ]4 | Hh ha /χ/5, [ʁ], [x] | Kk ka /k/, [k͡x]6 | Qq qa /q/7, [ɢ] | Ll la /l/ | Mm mė /m/ | Nn nė /n/, [ɲ]8, [ŋ]9, [ɴ]10 | Oo o /o/, [u]11 |
| Rr ra /ɾ/ | Ss es /s/ | Vv va /v/, [f] | Ww wa /w/ | Yy yė /j/ | Zz za /z/ | Żż ża /ʑ/ | Ṡṡ eṡ /ɕ/ | ||
| ✔ Shown in correct order | |||||||||
- [ɐ] after uvulars
- after nasals
- [ɤ] after palatals
- word-initial
- actually post-velar [χ ~ x], realized as [x] in certain environments
- word-initial
- actually post-velar [q ~ k], realized as [k] or [g] in certain environments
- before [i]
- before velars
- before uvulars
- before nasals
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