Transitivity
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This private article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 14 Feb 2018, 13:26.
[comments] ndttransitivity
1. Applicative
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2. Grammar temp
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3. Modals in Naduta
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11. Naduta Phonology
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13. Naduta Pronouns
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14. Naduta Verb Root Forms
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15. Naduta Verbal Aspect
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18. Transitivity
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Transitivity is indicated through a mixed system, either morphologically or syntactically and involves ditransitive verbs, dedicated transitive and intransitive verbs, and pairs of derived transitive and intransitive verbs.Ditransitive verbs are those verbs which may be employed in both transitive and intransitive clauses. However, these verbs display no morphological indication of any kind ;rather, when such verbs appear in a clause, the transitivity of that clause is indicated syntactically, through the explicit presence or absence of a direct object, just as in English.
了変W
Tah-ringu.
PSTPast (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech=change-1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
"I (have) changed." (intransitive)
詞dj了変W
Ganrey tah-ringu.
word-PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.ANIMUnknown code.OBJObject (argument) PSTPast (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech=change-1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
"I (have) changed the words." (transitive)
扉e突泡了開X
Rudan ruruh-ya tah-yhumu.
door-SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.KNWKnown gender (gender)
specific known items.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument sudden-COPCopula
used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate.ADVAdverbial
e.g. English '-ly' PSTPast (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech=open-3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee
"The door opened suddenly."
扉P突泡了開X
Rudah ruruh-ya tah-yhumu.
door-SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.KNWKnown gender (gender)
specific known items.OBJObject (argument) sudden-COPCopula
used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate.ADVAdverbial
e.g. English '-ly' PSTPast (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech=open-3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee
"She opened the door suddenly."
As the example demonstrates, the verb remains unchanged in both clauses; the only difference, as in English, is the presence or absence of the direct object ganrey, or the changing of ruda- from nominative to objective, furnishing the verb with a direct object.
A number of verbal roots have derived transitive and/or intransitive forms. For these verbs, transitivity is marked explicitly on the verb, and the absence of a direct object in a given clause is irrelevant in determining the transitivity of that clause.
Inherently transitive verbs take the suffix 受 pu- to create intransitive verbs:
了壊m
Tah-thanmu.
"He broke (it)."
了壊受m
Tah-thanpumu.
"It broke."
Inherently intransitive verbs take the suffix 物 -as, or occasionally the suffix 走 -u:
寝c
Hagu.
sleep-1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
"I will sleep."
彼j寝物c
Usey haasgu.
3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee-SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.ANIMUnknown code.OBJObject (argument) put.to.sleep-1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
"I will put him to sleep."
了集Xd
Tah-whurarmu.
"They gathered together."
彼dj了集物c
Usrey tah-whuraasurmu
"I gathered them together." ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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