Legim [LEG]
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Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 28 September 2015
Language type
A priori
Place & SpeakersSpoken in:
NordjaelmOfficial
ZoerjaandhiaRegional
RakthariaRegional
The Anarchic Territory Of North ShalorjaMinority
ShalorjaMinority RakthariaMinority
JahcitazinMinority
NordjaelmOfficial ZoerjaandhiaRegional RakthariaRegional The Anarchic Territory Of North ShalorjaMinority ShalorjaMinority RakthariaMinority JahcitazinMinoritySpecies
Human/humanoid
About Legim
A language spoken on Sahar in the Empire of Nordjaelm, on the continent of Alpa, belonging to the Dumaric language family, of the hypothetical West Alpic superfamily. It has become the lingua franca across the empire, as it is spoken in the capital of Kjonnia, but several regional dialects have evolved over the years that differ to the standard. It is closely related to Legjok and Thaljan, which are spoken in North-East and North Nordjaelm respectively. In everyday life, the extended Latin alphabet is used, but in matters of religion and state, the Legonic alphabet is favoured.
Here are some features:
Here are some features:
- 6 Nominal Cases: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Ablative and Locative, as well as Instrumentative and Vocative found mostly in literature, archaic language and some colloquial expressions (although case number and use depends on dialect)
- Generally SOV, but due to high inflection in all parts of speech, word order is quite fluid
- There are 3 genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, as well as 6 noun classes that define the gender of the noun. Generally speaking, Classes 1 and 2 are feminine, 3 and 4 are masculine and 5 and 6 are neuter, but there are some exceptions.
- There are 8 tenses: present, present progressive, simple past, past progressive, simple future and future progressive.
- Conditionals and auxiliary verbs are usually expressed through an agglutinated, noninflected suffix.
- Verbs conjugate to tense, gender, voice, number, aspect, and mood.
- Adjectives agree with nouns number, case and gender
- Adverbs can be formed from adjectives or nouns, and do not agree with nouns
- A fairly complex phonology, with consonants regularly devoicing and palatalising depending on their environments, as well as an ablaut system that is triggered by inflections
Sample of Legim[view] Kívojá oijinör ḳaqëröþént krnérü. Kiværé ïṡuárrok täka roð roḥ hratādän, té hratr täka roð roḥ ïṡuarādän. Rúbüré jarïro ḳalærit jitækit, zyó llærüré qáḳnérān rér lanþaḍar nasōräḳlo tojód terðað.[view all texts]
Sound samples in Legim
Some sound samples of Legim. Maximum of 6 shown. Click the links to see the full texts.
Kívojá oijinör ḳaqëröþént krnérü. Kiværé ïṡuárrok täka roð roḥ hratādän, té hratr täka roð roḥ ïṡuar...
You must see with eyes unclouded by hate. See the good in that which is evil, and the evil in that w...
You must see with eyes unclouded by hate. See the good in that which is evil, and the evil in that w...
Navajólð nrejitrið lið ōðorja saqqælént
Tka ðynnrið cëðanrae ṡóqǣrü fērinär kyánnont
Kerü óuaḥ kōż...
We were born at night when the she-wolf whelped, In the morning, to lion's deafening roar, they nam...
We were born at night when the she-wolf whelped, In the morning, to lion's deafening roar, they nam...
Ravażinéo ḷókǣdénit, iviðænéo jonþǣdénit
Mistakes were made, people were shot.
Mistakes were made, people were shot.
Ekrä jolinar żar ġötūll fryḳṡarar orṡ ċíðal fryḳṡarar
It is better to have a broken bone than a broken reputation.
It is better to have a broken bone than a broken reputation.
Víuð rér ḥeṡ leḍænnið ḥesütaerí jolin frennräroj
I thought clay must feel happy in the good potter’s hand.
I thought clay must feel happy in the good potter’s hand.
Ikrä kajéḥād, váká y
This is illegal, you know.
This is illegal, you know.
Language family relationships
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio- dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post- Alveolar | Alveolo- palatal | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | Other | |||||||||||||
| Nasal | m m: [mˤ]1 [mʲ]2 [m̥]3 | [ɱ]4 [ɱ̥]5 | n n: [n̥]6 | [ɲ]7 [ɲ̥]8 | [ŋ]9 [ŋ̥]10 | [ɴ]11 [ɴ̥]12 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Plosive | p [pʼ]13 p: [pʲ]14 | b b: [bˤ]15 [bʲ]16 | t [tʼ]17 t: [tʲ]18 | d d: [dˤ]19 [dʲ]20 | [c]21 | [ɟ]22 | k [kʼ]23 k: | g g: | q q: | ɢ ɢ: | ||||||||||||||||
| Fricative | ɸ ɸ: | β β: | f [fˤ]24 [fʲ]25 | v [vˤ]26 [vʲ]27 | θ θ: [θˤ]28 [θʲ]29 | ð ð: [ðˤ]30 [ðʲ]31 | s s: [sˤ]32 [sʲ]33 | z z: [zˤ]34 [zʲ]35 | ʃ ʃ: [ʃˤ]36 | ʒ ʒ: [ʒˤ]37 | [ɕ]38 | [ʑ]39 | [ç]40 | [ʝ]41 | x x: | ɣ ɣ: | χ χ: | ʁ ʁ: | ħ ħ: | [ʕ]42 | h | |||||
| Affricate | t͡s [t͡sʼ]43 t͡s: [t͡sʲ]44 | d͡z d͡z: [d͡zˤ]45 [d͡zʲ]46 | t͡ʃ [t͡ʃʼ]47 t͡ʃ: | d͡ʒ d͡ʒ: [d͡ʒˤ]48 | [t͡ɕ]49 | [d͡ʑ]50 | c͡ç | ɟ͡ʝ | [t͡ɬ]51 | |||||||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l [l̥]52 | [ʎ]53 [ʎ̥]54 | ɫ [ɫ̥]55 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lateral fricative | ɬ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | j j: j̥ | [ʍ]56 | w | [ɥ]57 [ɥ̥]58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trill | r r: [rˤ]59 [rʲ]60 [r̥]61 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
- before back vowels, allophone of /m/
- before front vowels, allophone of /m/
- Adjacent to voiceless phonemes and finally, allophone of /m/
- adjacent to v, allophone of /m/
- adjacent to f, allophone of /m/
- Adjacent to a voiceless phoneme and finally, allophone of /n/
- before front vowels, allophone of /n/
- Before j or a front vowel, allophone of /n/
- Before g, allophone of /n/
- Before k, allophone of /ŋ/
- before back vowels and adjacent to uvular consonants, allophone of /n/
- adjacent to voiceless uvular consonants, allophone of /n/
- before back vowels, allophone of /p/
- before front vowels, allophone of /p/
- before back vowels, allophone of /b/
- before front vowels, allophone of /b/
- before back vowels, allophone of /t/
- before front vowels, allophone of /t/
- before back vowels, allophone of /d/
- before front vowels, allophone of /d/
- before front vowels, allophone of /k/
- Before j or a front vowel, allophone of /g:/
- word-finally, allophone of /k/
- before back vowels, allophone of /f/
- before front vowels, allophone of /f/
- before back vowels, allophone of /v/
- before front vowels, allophone of /v/
- before back vowels, allophone of /θ/
- before front vowels, allophone of /θ/
- before back vowels, allophone of /ð/
- before front vowels, allophone of /ð/
- before back vowels, allophone of /s/
- before front vowels, allophone of /s/
- before back vowels, allophone of /z/
- before front vowels, allophone of /z/
- before back vowels, allophone of /ʃ/
- before back vowels, allophone of /ʒ/
- Before j or a front vowel, allophone of /ʃ/
- Before j or a front vowel, allophone of /ʒ/
- Before j or a front vowel, allophone of /χ/
- Before j or a front vowel
- between vowels, allophone of /ħ/
- before back vowels, allophone of /t͡s/
- before front vowels, allophone of /t͡s/
- before back vowels, allophone of /d͡z/
- before front vowels, allophone of /d͡z/
- before back vowels, allophone of /t͡ʃ/
- before back vowels, allophone of /d͡ʒ/
- Before j or a front vowel, allophone of /t͡ʃ/
- Before j or a front vowel, allophone of /d͡ʒ/
- word-finally, allophone of /ɬ/
- Adjacent to a voiceless phoneme and finally, allophone of /l/
- before front vowels, allophone of /l/
- Before j or a front vowel, adjacent to voiceless consonant, allophone of /l/
- Adjacent to a voiceless phoneme and finally, allophone of /ɫ/
- allophone of /w/
- allophone of /w/
- allophone of /w/
- before back vowels, allophone of /r/
- before front vowels, allophone of /r/
- Adjacent to a voiceless phoneme and finally, allophone of /r/
| Vowels | Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | |||||
| Close | i i: | y [y:]1 | ɨ | ɯ [ɯ:]2 | u u: | |||||
| Near-close | ɪ | ʊ | ||||||||
| Close-mid | ë | ø [ø:]3 | ɤ [ɤ:]4 | ö | ||||||
| Mid | ə | |||||||||
| Open-mid | ɛ ɛ: | ɔ ɔ: | ||||||||
| Near-open | æ [æ:]5 | |||||||||
| Open | ä ä: | ɑ [ɑ:]6 | ||||||||
| Polyphthongs | æy | øy | aʊ | əʊ | əɪ | aɪ |
- allophone of /u:/
- allophone of /i:/
- allophone of /ɔ:/
- allophone of /ɛ:/
- allophone of /ä:/
- allophone of /ä:/
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Legim. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
 LegimOrthography [edit] | |||||||||
| Aa/ä/ | Āā/ä:/ | Áá/ɑ/ | Ââ[ɑ:] | Ææ/æ/ | Ǣǣ[æ:] | Ää/ə/ | Bb/b/ | Cc/t͡s/ | Ċċ/t͡ʃ/ |
| Dd/d/ | Ḍḍ/d͡z/ | Ðð/ð/ | Ee/ë/ | Éé/ɛ/ | Ēē/ɛ:/ | Ëë/ɤ/ | Êê[ɤ:] | Ff/f/ | FF ff/ɸ:/ |
| Gg/g/ | Ġġ/ɣ/ | Ĝĝ/d͡ʒ/ | Hh/h/ | Ḥḥ/ħ/ | Ii/ɪ/ | Íí/i/ | Īī/i:/ | Ïï/ɯ/ | Îî[ɯ:] |
| Jj/j/ | Kk/k/ | Ḳḳ/x/ | Ll/l/, [l̥]1 | Ḷḷ/ɫ/ | LL ll/ɬ/, [ɫ̥]2 | Mm/m/ | Nn/n/ | Ṇṇ[ŋ]3 | Oo/ö/ |
| Óó/ɔ/ | Ōō/ɔ:/ | Öö/ø/ | Ôô[ø:] | Pp/p/ | Qq/q/ | Q̇ q̇/χ/ | Rr/r/ | Ss/s/ | Ṡṡ/ʃ/ |
| Tt/t/ | Þþ/θ/ | Uu/ʊ/ | Úú/u/ | Ūū/u:/ | Üü/y/ | Ûû[y:] | Vv/v/ | VV vv/β:/ | Xx/ɢ/ |
| Ẋẋ/ʁ/ | Yy/ɨ/ | Zz/z/ | Żż/ʒ/ | AI ai/aɪ/ | AO ao/əʊ/ | AÜ aü/æy/ | AU au/aʊ/ | ĊĊ ċċ/t͡ʃ:/ | DD dd/d:/ |
| EÜ eü/øy/ | GG gg/g:/ | GJ gj/ɟ͡ʝ/ | HF hf/ɸ/ | HJ hj/j̥/ | HM hm[m̥]4 | HN hn[n̥]5 | HV hv/β/ | ḤḤ ḥḥ/ħ:/ | KK kk/k:/ |
| KJ kj/c͡ç/ | NN nn/n:/ | QQ qq/q:/ | RR rr/r:/ | SS ss/s:/ | AE ae/əɪ/ | ṠṠ ṡṡ/ʃ:/ | TT tt/t:/ | Ww/w/ | XX xx/ɢ:/ |
| ZZ zz/z:/ | ÞÞ þþ/θ:/ | BB bb/b:/ | CC cc/t͡s:/ | Ḋḋ/d͡z/ | ḌḌ ḍḍ/d͡z:/ | ĜĜ ĝĝ/d͡ʒ:/ | ĠĠ ġġ/ɣ:/ | JJ jj/j:/ | ḲḲ ḳḳ/x:/ |
| MM mm/m:/ | PP pp/p:/ | Q̇Q̇ q̇q̇/χ:/ | ẊẊ ẋẋ/ʁ:/ | ŻŻ żż/ʒ:/ | ÐÐ ðð/ð:/ | ||||
| ✖ Unknown alphabetical order [change] | |||||||||
- Adjacent to a voiceless phoneme and finally
- Adjacent to a voiceless phoneme and finally
- Before g
- Adjacent to voiceless phonemes and finally
- Adjacent to a voiceless phoneme and finally
Latest 8 related articles listed below.
Pnapaic declensions 01-Oct-18 09:39
