Simple Past
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When to use and How to form simple past structure
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 26 Jul 2018, 15:49.
[comments] dkztense
2. Ergativity
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5. Noun Classes
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9. Relative Clause
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10. Simple Past
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
One can use simple past to tell a past event. To form a simple past sentence, the verb is conjugated and ergative/absolutive form of the subject and object is used.
Influenced by the Orcish languages, the verbs in Cazenian is conjugated by adding personal suffixes at the end of the word, besides the "t" element which came from Proto-Manic Language
Most verbs in Cazenian are weak verbs, meaning that they follow regular conjugation.
For example: (anumel)anuman "to call someone's name"
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | (anumtem)anumtem | (anumte)anumten |
| 2nd | (anumtet)anumtet | (anumtes)anumtes |
| 2nd Honorific | (anumtes)anumtes | (anumtes)anumtes |
| 3rd Rational | (anumten)anumten | (anumtayn)anumtayn |
| 3rd Irrational | (anumtev)anumtev | (anumtev)anumtev |
Some verbs are mixed, meaning that they undergo stem changes. They usually have one syllable and consist "a" "o" or "u".
For example:(tsanel)tsanel "to fly"
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | (tsäntem)tsäntem | (tsänte)tsänte |
| 2nd | (tsäntet)tsäntet | (tsäntes)tsäntes |
| 2nd Honorific | (tsäntes)tsäntes | (tsäntes)tsäntes |
| 3rd Rational | (tsänten)tsänte | (tsänteyn)tsänteyn |
| 3rd Irrational | (tsäntev)tsäntev | (tsäntev)tsäntev |
Some verbs are strong verbs, which means that they are irregular. Conjugated verbs in this category do not carry the "t" element.
Examples:
(bastan)bastan ➡ (vo)vo "to be"
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | (vom)vom | (vo)vo |
| 2nd | (vot)vot | (vos)vos |
| 2nd Honorific | (vos)vos | (vos)vos |
| 3rd Rational | (von)von | (voyn)voyn |
| 3rd Irrational | (vov)vov | (vov)vov |
(ärin)ärin ➡ (are)ar "to be able"
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | (arm)arm | (ar)ar |
| 2nd | (art)art | (ars)ars |
| 2nd Honorific | (ars)ars | (ars)ars |
| 3rd Rational | (aren)aren | (areyn)areyn |
| 3rd Irrational | (arv)arv | (arv)arv |
(vasan)vasan ➡ (vus)vus "to allowed"
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | (vusm)vusm | (vusn)vusn |
| 2nd | (vust)vust | (vuses)vuses |
| 2nd Honorific | (vuses)vuses | (vuses)vuses |
| 3rd Rational | (vusen)vusen | (vusayn)vusayn |
| 3rd Irrational | (vusev)vusev | (vusev)vusev |
(zaban)zaban ➡ (za)za "to remember"
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | (zam)zam | (za)za |
| 2nd | (zat)zat | (zas)zas |
| 2nd Honorific | (zas)zas | (zas)zas |
| 3rd Rational | (zan)zan | (zayn)zayn |
| 3rd Irrational | (zav)zav | (zav)zav |
(voyn)voyn ➡ (bo)bo "to regret"
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | (bom)bom | (bo)bo |
| 2nd | (bot)bot | (bos)bos |
| 2nd Honorific | (bos)bos | (bos)bos |
| 3rd Rational | (bon)bon | (boyn)boyn |
| 3rd Irrational | (bov)bov | (bov)bov |
We use ergative case in simple past tense. That means, the subject of the sentence takes the accusative form while the direct object takes the nominative form. The verb still agrees with the subject.
cadtem maz cäd.
(cadem) (maz) (cäd).
sing-1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.PASPast
action occurred before moment of speech 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.ERGErgative (case)
TRANS subject; agent song-SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument
I sang a song. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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