Passive & Antipassive
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Introduction of the passive and antipassive voice
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 29 Jul 2018, 17:05.
[comments] dkzgrammarvoicevalency
2. Ergativity
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5. Noun Classes
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9. Relative Clause
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10. Simple Past
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Active:
(it) (ag) (bülez).it ag bülez.
eat.1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.PREPresent 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument flower.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient “I eat flowers.”
The verb agrees with the patient. Patient takes the nominative form. Put the passive particle "eb" after it.
Passive:
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.PREPresent 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument flower.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient “I eat flowers.”
(iten) (büle) (eb).iten büle eb.
eat´-3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.PREPresent flower.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed “flowers are eaten.” The agent can be put after the particle "eb" and take the instrumental form. (iten) (büle) (eb) (mav).iten büle eb mav. eat-3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.PREPresent flower-PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.INSInstrumental (case)
'with', 'using' “the apple is eaten by me”
In ergative structure, there is antipassive instead. In antipassive voice, the patient of the sentence is omitted and the agent changes to unmarked absolutive case.
Active:
neither speaker nor addressee.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.PREPresent flower.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed “flowers are eaten.” The agent can be put after the particle "eb" and take the instrumental form. (iten) (büle) (eb) (mav).iten büle eb mav. eat-3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.PREPresent flower-PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.INSInstrumental (case)
'with', 'using' “the apple is eaten by me”
(atem) (maz) (büle).atem maz büle.
eat-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.ERGErgative (case)
TRANS subject; agent flower.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument I ate the apple.
Antipassive:
action occurred before moment of speech.1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.ERGErgative (case)
TRANS subject; agent flower.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument I ate the apple.
(atem) (ag) (eb).atem ag eb.
eat-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed I ate. (atem) (ag) (eb) (bülev).atem ag eb bülev. eat-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed flower.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.INSInstrumental (case)
'with', 'using' I ate the apple.
Using antipassive voice, the subject and object can be both omitted in some cases.
action occurred before moment of speech.1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed I ate. (atem) (ag) (eb) (bülev).atem ag eb bülev. eat-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech.1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed flower.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few.INSInstrumental (case)
'with', 'using' I ate the apple.
(gritem) (ag). (dotem) (maz) (in).gritem ag. dotem maz in.
I came. I saw her.
(gritem) (ag). (dotem) (ag) (eb).gritem ag. dotem ag eb.
I came. I saw.
(gritem) (a) (dotem) (ag) (eb).gritem a dotem ag eb.
I came and saw.
Like English, there is passive voice in Cazenian. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article Comments