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Passive & Antipassive
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Introduction of the passive and antipassive voice
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 29 Jul 2018, 17:05.

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[Public] ? ?
8. Pronouns ? ?
Menu 1. Passive 2. Antipassive Like English, there is passive voice in Cazenian.

[edit] [top]Passive

Active:
(it) (ag) (bülez).it ag bülez. eat.1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
.PREPresent 1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument
flower.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient
“I eat flowers.”
The verb agrees with the patient. Patient takes the nominative form. Put the passive particle "eb" after it. Passive:
(iten) (büle) (eb).iten büle eb. eat´-3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee
.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
.PREPresent flower.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument
PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed
“flowers are eaten.” The agent can be put after the particle "eb" and take the instrumental form. (iten) (büle) (eb) (mav).iten büle eb mav. eat-3Third person (person)
neither speaker nor addressee
.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
.PREPresent flower-PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
.NOMNominative (case)
TRANS subject, INTR argument
PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed
1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
.INSInstrumental (case)
'with', 'using'
“the apple is eaten by me”
[edit] [top]Antipassive
In ergative structure, there is antipassive instead. In antipassive voice, the patient of the sentence is omitted and the agent changes to unmarked absolutive case. Active:
(atem) (maz) (büle).atem maz büle. eat-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech
.1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
.ERGErgative (case)
TRANS subject; agent
flower.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument
I ate the apple.
Antipassive:
(atem) (ag) (eb).atem ag eb. eat-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech
.1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument
PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed
I ate. (atem) (ag) (eb) (bülev).atem ag eb bülev. eat-PASTPast tense (tense)
action occurred before moment of speech
.1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
1First person (person)
speaker, signer, etc; I
.SGSingular (number)
one countable entity
.ABSAbsolutive (case)
TRANS object, INTR argument
PASSPassive voice (valency)
be verb-ed
flower.PLPlural (number)
more than one/few
.INSInstrumental (case)
'with', 'using'
I ate the apple.
Using antipassive voice, the subject and object can be both omitted in some cases.
(gritem) (ag). (dotem) (maz) (in).gritem ag. dotem maz in. I came. I saw her. (gritem) (ag). (dotem) (ag) (eb).gritem ag. dotem ag eb. I came. I saw. (gritem) (a) (dotem) (ag) (eb).gritem a dotem ag eb. I came and saw.
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