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2 Segond lëkśon : Pronomi & vërbi åv sö primer grup.

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Pronoms (subjective, objective, relexives, possessives & possessive determiners) and verbs (tenses, moods, aspects & registers).

This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 16 Jul 2019, 14:34.

[comments] eueeuropeaneuropiskalessonlessonslesson 2pronounpronounsverbverbstensetensesaspectaspectsmoodmoodsregisterregistersconjugation Europiska (6 articles)

[Public] ? ?

1. 1 Först lëkśon : Alfbayt & numeri. ? ?

2. 2 Segond lëkśon : Pronomi & vërbi åv sö primer grup. ? ?

3. 3 Toräs lëkśon : Vërbi åv sö segond grup. ? ?

4. 4 Kwetförjäs lëkśon : Njëstandard vërbi. ? ?

5. 5 Vīzäs lëkśon : Substantìvi & deklinàciae. ? ?

6. Tëkst 1 : Hëj ! ? ?

+ Write new article in Europiska

Menu 1. Previously 2. Personal pronouns 3. Verbs 4. Past 5. Present 6. Future 7. Resume 8. Inspirations 9. The next lesson

[edit] [top]Previously

European is an auxiliaire language based on many natural languages : Indo-European, Finno-Ugric, and some other languages
Phonology The inventory size of European is large, but there exist some free variants and allophones.
Alphabet European use the latin alphabet extend and owns 33 letters ; 10 vowels, 2 semi-vowels, and 21 consonants.
Alphabetic order of European letters Standard order

Ää

Ćć

Ëë

Ññ

Öö

Śś

Źź

Åå

Numbers European numeral system uses the base 10. In European there are two manners to count 0, 10, 14, 400, 100 and 4000 There is a real different between "Primer" and "Först".

The first lesson was inspired by : kayke and his lesson #1 on the

Future Frsel. r2conlanger and his lesson #1 on the

Jodum. mousefire55 and his lesson #1 on the

Yaharan. Castillerian and his lesson #1 on the

Adenish. Egil and his lesson on the numbers of the

Ukamayan (old). Vulcanman and his lesson on the numbers of the

Shikathi. phi2dao and his lesson on the grammar of the

Nuim.

European

[edit] [top]Personal pronouns

The subjective pronouns of European language must be use all the time.
They may, however, be technically omitted from a formal or polite register, but in this case the degree of politeness is reduced ;
Whatever the situations, they will never be omitted at the 3rd person singular.
The pronouns are the followings :

Subjective pronouns

Objective pronouns

Reflexive pronouns

	Singular	English	Plural	English	Singular	English	Plural	English	Singular	English	Plural	English
	Mjà	I	Ny	We	Minjà	Me	Nam	Us	Minjà sjelv	Myself	Nam sjelv	Ourselves
	Tjå	You	Vy	You	Tivjà	You	Vam	You	Tivjà sjelv	Yourself	Vam sjelv	Yourselves
Masculine	Hon	He	Zei	They	Hom	Him	Teim	Them	Hom sjelv	Himself	Teim sjelv	Themselves	Masculine
Feminine	Hun	She	Zei	They	Hera	Her	Teim	Them	Hera sjelv	Herself	Teim sjelv	Themselves	Feminine
Common	Hën	He	Zei	They	Hëm	Him	Teim	Them	Hëm sjelv	Himself	Teim sjelv	Themselves	Common
Neutral	Het	It	Zei	They	Hit	It	Teim	Them	Hit sjelv	Itself	Teim sjelv	Themselves	Neutral

Possessive pronouns

Possessive determiners

	Singular	English	Plural	English	Singular	English	Plural	English
	Manojs	Mine	Naś	Ours	Moj	My	Nos	Our
	Tavojs	Yours	Vaś	Yours	Tvoj	Your	Vos	Your
Masculine	Håns	His	Teirs	Theirs	Hånen	His	Heidän	Their	Masculine
Feminine	Hers	Hers	Teirs	Theirs	Hennar	Her	Heidän	Their	Feminine
Common	Hëns	His	Teirs	Theirs	Hennën	His	Heidän	Their	Common
Neutral	Hits	Its	Teirs	Theirs	Hius	Its	Heidän	Their	Neutral

[edit] [top]Verbs

Tenses, Moods, Aspects & Registers
In European, there are three groups of verbs : the verbs in "-ja", the verbs in "-ar"¹ and the irregular verbs¹.
¹ We will see the verbs in "-ar" and the irregular verbs at the next lesson.

[edit] [top]Past

Formal/Polite register

Simple past			Animate	Inanimate
Singular	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	Plural
Indicative	wëre spialljźal	wërast spiallźal	wërår spiallźal	wëra spiallźal	wërame spiallźalē	wërate spiallźalē	wëran spiallźalē
Potential	kunde spiallja	kundest spiallja	kund spiallja	könd spiallja	kundame spiallja	kundate spiallja	kundan spiallja
Optative	vullde spiallja	vulldest spiallja	vullde spiallja	wulld spiallja	vulldame spiallja	vulldate spiallja	vulldan spiallja

Durative	wëre spialljand	wërast spialljand	wërår spialljand	wëra spialljand	wërame spialljand	wërate spialljand	wëran spialljand
Iterative	bjisem spialljand	bjeś śpialljand	bje spialljand	be spialljand	bjisme spialljand	bjiste spialljand	bjisyt spialljand
Inchoative	kame spialljand	kamest spialljand	kam spialljand	kum spialljand	kamame spialljand	kamate spialljand	kaman spialljand

Participle	spiallźal						spiallźalē
Infinitive	Wëra spiallźal

Neutral register

Simple past			Animate	Inanimate
Singular	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	Plural
Indicative	wërår spialljźal	wërår spiallźal	wërår spiallźal	wëra spiallźal	wërår spiallźalē	wërår spiallźalē	wërår / wëra spiallźalē
Potential	kund spiallja	kund spiallja	kund spiallja	könd spiallja	kund spiallja	kund spiallja	kund / könd spiallja
Optative	vullde spiallja	vullde spiallja	vullde spiallja	wulld spiallja	vullde spiallja	vullde spiallja	vullde / wulld spiallja

Durative	wërår spialljand	wërår spialljand	wërår spialljand	wëra spialljand	wërår spialljand	wërår spialljand	wërår / wëra spialljand
Iterative	bje spialljand	bje spialljand	bje spialljand	be spialljand	bje spialljand	bje spialljand	bje / be spialljand
Inchoative	kam spialljand	kam spialljand	kam spialljand	kum spialljand	kam spialljand	kam spialljand	kam / kum spialljand

Participle	spiallźal						spiallźalē
Infinitive	Wëra spiallźal

Vulgar register

Simple past			Animate	Inanimate
Singular	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	Plural
Indicative	wëra spialljźal	wëra spiallźal	wëra spiallźal	wëra spiallźal	wëra spiallźal	wëra spiallźal	wëra spiallźal
Potential	könd spiallja	könd spiallja	könd spiallja	könd spiallja	könd spiallja	könd spiallja	könd spiallja
Optative	wulld spiallja	wulld spiallja	wulld spiallja	wulld spiallja	wulld spiallja	wulld spiallja	wulld spiallja

Durative	war spialljand	war spialljand	war spialljand	war spialljand	war spialljand	war spialljand	war spialljand
Iterative	be spialljand	be spialljand	be spialljand	be spialljand	be spialljand	be spialljand	be spialljand
Inchoative	kum spialljand	kum spialljand	kum spialljand	kum spialljand	kum spialljand	kum spialljand	kum spialljand

Participle	spiallźal						spiallźal
Infinitive	Wëra spiallźal

Formal/Polite register

Past perfect			Animate	Inanimate
Singular	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	Plural
Indicative	hate spiallźal	hatest spiallźal	hade spiallźal	hata spiallźal	havame spiallźalē	havate spiallźalē	haden spiallźalē
Potential	hate kan spiallja	hatest kan spiallja	hade kan spiallja	hata kan spiallja	havame kan spiallja	havate kan spiallja	haden kan spiallja
Optative	hate vol spiallja	hatest vol spiallja	hade vol spiallja	hata vol spiallja	havame vol spiallja	havate vol spiallja	haden vol spiallja

Infinitive	Havja spiallźal

[edit] [top]Present

Formal/Polite register

Simple present			Animate	Inanimate
Singular	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	Plural
Indicative	spiallju	spialljeś	spialljar	spiallja	spialljeme	spialljete	spialljavät
Potential	kann spiallja	kannest spiallja	kann spiallja	känn spiallja	kanneme spiallja	kannete spiallja	kannen spiallja
Optative	vill spiallja	villest spiallja	vill spiallja	will spiallja	villeme spiallja	villete spiallja	villen spiallja
Imperative		Spiallje			Spialljom	Spiallje

Durative	sou spialljand	es spialljand	ar spialljand	ä spialljand	siemme spialljand	siette spialljand	sänt spialljand
Iterative	sem spialljand	eś śpialljand	je spialljand	e spialljand	sme spialljand	ste spialljand	syt spialljand
Inchoative	kome spialljand	komest spialljand	komer spialljand	kom spialljand	komeme spialljand	komete spialljand	komen spialljand

Participle	spialljand
Infinitive	Spiallja

Neutral register

Simple present			Animate	Inanimate
Singular	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	Plural
Indicative	spialljar	spialljar	spialljar	spiallja	spialljar	spialljar	spialljar/a
Potential	kann spiallja	kann spiallja	kann spiallja	känn spiallja	kann spiallja	kann spiallja	kann / känn spiallja
Optative	vill spiallja	vill spiallja	vill spiallja	will spiallja	vill spiallja	vill spiallja	vill / will spiallja
Imperative		Spialle			Spiallom	Spialle

Durative	ar spialljand	ar spialljand	ar spialljand	ä spialljand	ar spialljand	ar spialljand	ar/ä spialljand
Iterative	je spialljand	je spialljand	je spialljand	e spialljand	je spialljand	je spialljand	je/e spialljand
Inchoative	komer spialljand	komer spialljand	komer spialljand	kom spialljand	komer spialljand	komer spialljand	komer / kom spialljand

Participle	spialljand
Infinitive	Spiallja

Vulgar register

Simple present			Animate	Inanimate
Singular	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	Plural
Indicative	spiallja	spiallja	spiallja	spiallja	spiallja	spiallja	spiallja
Potential	kan spiallja	kan spiallja	kan spiallja	kan spiallja	kan spiallja	kan spiallja	kan spiallja
Optative	will spiallja	will spiallja	will spiallja	will spiallja	will spiallja	will spiallja	will spiallja
Imperative		Spiall			Spiallō	Spiall

Durative	ä spialljand	ä spialljand	ä spialljand	ä spialljand	ä spialljand	ä spialljand	ä spialljand
Iterative	e spialljand	e spialljand	e spialljand	e spialljand	e spialljand	e spialljand	e spialljand
Inchoative	kom spialljand	kom spialljand	kom spialljand	kom spialljand	kom spialljand	kom spialljand	kom spialljand

Participle	spialljand
Infinitive	Spiallja

Formal/Polite register

Present perfect			Animate	Inanimate
Singular	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	Plural
Indicative	have spiallźal	has spiallźal	har spiallźal	ha spiallźal	havjamo spiallźalē	havete spiallźalē	havad spiallźalē
Potential	have kun spiallja	has kun spiallja	har kun spiallja	ha kun spiallja	havjamo kun spiallja	havete kun spiallja	havad kun spiallja
Optative	have vul spiallja	has vul spiallja	har vul spiallja	ha vul spiallja	havjamo vul spiallja	havete vul spiallja	havad vul spiallja

Infinitive	Havja spiallźal

[edit] [top]Future

Formal/Polite register

Simple future			Animate	Inanimate
Singular	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	Plural
Indicative	skall spialljare	skall spialljaras	skall spialljarar	skall spialljara	skall spialljaremo	skall spialljarete	skall spialljaran
Potential	kann spialljare	kann spialljaras	kann spialljarar	känn spialljara	kann spialljaremo	kann spialljarete	kann spialljaran
Optative	vill spialljare	vill spialljaras	vill spialljarar	will spialljara	vill spialljaremo	vill spialljarete	vill spialljaran

Neutral register

Simple future			Animate	Inanimate
Singular	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	Plural
Indicative	ska(ll) spialljarar	ska(ll) spialljarar	ska(ll) spialljarar	ska(ll) spialljara	ska(ll) spialljarar	ska(ll) spialljarar	ska(ll) spialljarar/ara
Potential	kann spialljarar	kann spialljarar	kann spialljarar	känn spialljara	kann spialljarar	kann spialljarar	kann/känn spialljarar/ara
Optative	vill spialljarar	vill spialljarar	vill spialljarar	will spialljara	vill spialljarar	vill spialljarar	vill/will spialljarar/ara

Vulgar register

Simple future			Animate	Inanimate
Singular	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	Plural
Indicative	ska spialljara	ska spialljara	ska spialljara	ska spialljara	ska spialljara	ska spialljara	ska spialljara
Potential	känn spialljara	känn spialljara	känn spialljara	känn spialljara	känn spialljara	känn spialljara	känn spialljara
Optative	will spialljara	will spialljara	will spialljara	will spialljara	will spialljara	will spialljarar	will spialljara

[edit] [top]Resume

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[edit] [top]Inspirations

Inspired by Alcazar and his lesson on the verbs of the

Proto-Asuranesian.
Inspired by Elinnea and his lesson on the verbs of the

Sipalh.
Inspired by Castillerian and his lesson on the verbs of the

Adenish.

Inspired by phi2dao and his lesson on the grammar of the

Nuim.

[edit] [top]The next lesson

3 Toräs lëkśon : Vërbi åv sö segond grup.
The next lesson will focus on the verbs in "-ar", the second group of verbs.

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